本地YUM源配置

本地YUM源配置

这里讲述使用YUM仓库来配置本地YUM源。

操作系统版本：RHEL 6.5

[root@localhost ~]# uname -a

Linux localhost 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Sun Nov 10 22:19:54 EST 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5 (Santiago)

rhel的yum在线更新是收费的，没有注册的话，需要将原有的yum卸载后重新安装配置其它yum源才能正常使用

 

1.       重新安装YUM软件包

 

删除原有YUM安装包

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum

PackageKit-yum-0.5.8-21.el6.x86_64

yum-rhn-plugin-0.9.1-48.el6.noarch

yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64

yum-utils-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch

yum-plugin-security-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch

yum-3.2.29-40.el6.noarch

PackageKit-yum-plugin-0.5.8-21.el6.x86_64

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum | xargs rpm -e --nodeps

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum

[root@localhost ~]#

 

下载YUM软件包重新安装

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh *.rpm

warning: yum-3.2.29-69.el6.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

   1:yum-metadata-parser    ########################################### [ 20%]

   2:yum-plugin-fastestmirro########################################### [ 40%]

   3:yum                    ########################################### [ 60%]

   4:yum-plugin-security    ########################################### [ 80%]

   5:yum-utils              ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost ~]#

 

 

2.       使用DVD光盘制作YUM仓库

 

查看光驱设备信息

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/sys/dev/cdrom/info

CD-ROM information, Id: cdrom.c 3.20 2003/12/17

 

drive name:             sr0

drive speed:            32

drive # of slots:       1

Can close tray:         1

Can open tray:          1

Can lock tray:          1

Can change speed:       1

Can select disk:        0

Can read multisession:  1

Can read MCN:           1

Reports media changed:  1

Can play audio:         1

Can write CD-R:         0

Can write CD-RW:        0

Can read DVD:           1

Can write DVD-R:        0

Can write DVD-RAM:      0

Can read MRW:           0

Can write MRW:          0

Can write RAM:          0

 

创建YUM下载目录，并拷贝光盘中rpm文件到YUM目录

 

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /yum

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt

mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt

[root@localhost mnt]# ls

EFI               Packages                  RELEASE-NOTES-pa-IN.html

EULA              README                    RELEASE-NOTES-pt-BR.html

EULA_de           RELEASE-NOTES-as-IN.html  RELEASE-NOTES-ru-RU.html

EULA_en           RELEASE-NOTES-bn-IN.html  RELEASE-NOTES-si-LK.html

EULA_es           RELEASE-NOTES-de-DE.html  RELEASE-NOTES-ta-IN.html

EULA_fr           RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html  RELEASE-NOTES-te-IN.html

EULA_it           RELEASE-NOTES-es-ES.html  RELEASE-NOTES-zh-CN.html

EULA_ja           RELEASE-NOTES-fr-FR.html  RELEASE-NOTES-zh-TW.html

EULA_ko           RELEASE-NOTES-gu-IN.html  repodata

EULA_pt           RELEASE-NOTES-hi-IN.html  ResilientStorage

EULA_zh           RELEASE-NOTES-it-IT.html  RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta

GPL               RELEASE-NOTES-ja-JP.html  RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

HighAvailability  RELEASE-NOTES-kn-IN.html  ScalableFileSystem

images            RELEASE-NOTES-ko-KR.html  Server

isolinux          RELEASE-NOTES-ml-IN.html  TRANS.TBL

LoadBalancer      RELEASE-NOTES-mr-IN.html

media.repo        RELEASE-NOTES-or-IN.html

[root@localhost mnt]# cp Packages/* /yum/

[root@localhost mnt]#

3.配置YUM下载源

                    该步主要使用createrepo工具来创建YUM下载源数据目录，创建之后会在YUM下载源目录中生成一个名为repodata的目录，该目录即YUM下载源的数据目录，该目录用来存储由createrepo产生的数据文件。

①   检查并安装createrepo工具

[root@localhost mnt]# rpm -qa | grep createrepo

[root@localhost mnt]# rpm -ivh Packages/createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch.rpm

warning: Packages/createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY

error: Failed dependencies:

        python-deltarpm is needed by createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch

[root@localhost mnt]# rpm -ivh Packages/createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch.rpm Packages/python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm

warning: Packages/createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY

error: Failed dependencies:

        deltarpm = 3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6 is needed by python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64

[root@localhost mnt]# rpm -ivh Packages/createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch.rpm Packages/python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm Packages/deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm

warning: Packages/createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

   1:deltarpm               ########################################### [ 33%]

   2:python-deltarpm        ########################################### [ 67%]

   3:createrepo             ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost mnt]#

                    ②创建YUM下载源数据文件

                             [root@localhost mnt]# createrepo /yum

Spawning worker 0 with 3763 pkgs

Workers Finished

Gathering worker results

 

Saving Primary metadata

Saving file lists metadata

Saving other metadata

Generating sqlite DBs

Sqlite DBs complete

root@localhost mnt]#

 

4.配置YUM

要使用YUM下载源，首先要对YUM进行配置，YUM配置有俩种，一种是YUM工具的配置文件（/etc/yum.conf），一种是YUM下载源的定义文件（/etc/yum.repos.d/目录中，该文件以.repo作为扩展名），这里介绍第二种方式。

[root@localhost mnt]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls

packagekit-media.repo  rhel-source.repo

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cp rhel-source.repo local_yum.repo

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vi local_yum.repo

配置如下：

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat local_yum.repo

[rhel-source]

name=rhel local yum

baseurl=file:///yum

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

 

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

配置文件内容解析：

name=rhel local yum#定义YUM下载源的名字，随便起

 

baseurl=file:///yum#定义YUM下载源的url地址

baseurl是配置中最关键的部分，配置 正确才能使用YUM下载源

baseurl指向YUM下载源目录，即RPM包所在的目录，如果是使用官方下载ISO文件来直接挂载YUM源，在5.x和6.x、7.x所指向的目录会有所不同，这里需要注意，5.x中rpm文件在Server目录下，6.x、7.x中rpm文件在Server/Packages目录下，如果目录不对则YUM下载源就会报错：No such file or directory

url支持的协议包括http、ftp、file3种，我们这里使用本地配置，即file

 

enabled=1#表示repo中定义的源是启动的，0为禁用

 

gpgcheck=1#表示安装YUM下载源中的RPM包之前要校验数字签名

 

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release#定义用于校验的gpg密钥

 

5.验证

         yum clean all#清除yum缓存

         yum makecache#缓存本地yum源中软件包信息

[root@localhost yum]# yum clean all

已加载插件：fastestmirror, product-id, security, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Repository rhel-source is listed more than once in the configuration

Cleaning repos: InstallMedia rhel-source

清理一切

[root@localhost yum]# yum makecache

已加载插件：fastestmirror, product-id, security, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Repository rhel-source is listed more than once in the configuration

Determining fastest mirrors

rhel-source                                              | 2.9 kB     00:00 ...

rhel-source/filelists_db                                 | 3.9 MB     00:00 ...

rhel-source/primary_db                                   | 3.2 MB     00:00 ...

rhel-source/other_db                                     | 1.7 MB     00:00 ...

元数据缓存已建立

 

         yum list | grep httpd#列出apache安装软件包

yum install httpd#安装apache

 

[root@localhost yum]# yum -y install httpd

已加载插件：fastestmirror, product-id, security, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Repository rhel-source is listed more than once in the configuration

设置安装进程

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

解决依赖关系

--> 执行事务检查

---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-29.el6_4 will be 安装

--> 完成依赖关系计算

 

依赖关系解决

 

================================================================================

 软件包        架构           版本                    仓库                 大小

================================================================================

正在安装:

 httpd         x86_64         2.2.15-29.el6_4         rhel-source         821 k

 

事务概要

================================================================================

Install       1 Package(s)

 

总下载量：821 k

Installed size: 2.9 M

下载软件包：

warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY

Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

Importing GPG key 0xFD431D51:

 Userid : Red Hat, Inc. (release key 2) <security@redhat.com>

 Package: redhat-release-server-6Server-6.5.0.1.el6.x86_64 (@anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201311111358.x86_64/6.5)

 From   : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

Importing GPG key 0x2FA658E0:

 Userid : Red Hat, Inc. (auxiliary key) <security@redhat.com>

 Package: redhat-release-server-6Server-6.5.0.1.el6.x86_64 (@anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201311111358.x86_64/6.5)

 From   : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

运行 rpm_check_debug

执行事务测试

事务测试成功

执行事务

  正在安装   : httpd-2.2.15-29.el6_4.x86_64                                 1/1

  Verifying  : httpd-2.2.15-29.el6_4.x86_64                                 1/1

 

已安装:

  httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-29.el6_4                                               

 

完毕！

 

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