23种软件设计模式完整教程
介绍
原型模式(Prototype Pattern)是用于创建重复的对象,同时又能保证性能。这种类型的设计模式属于创建型模式,它提供了一种创建对象的最佳方式。
这种模式是实现了一个原型接口,该接口用于创建当前对象的克隆。当直接创建对象的代价比较大时,则采用这种模式。例如,一个对象需要在一个高代价的数据库操作之后被创建。我们可以缓存该对象,在下一个请求时返回它的克隆,在需要的时候更新数据库,以此来减少数据库调用。
意图:
克隆对象、同时保证性能。
使用场景:
类初始化消耗资源较多。
new 产生的一个对象需要非常繁琐的过程(数据准备、访问权限等)
构造函数比较复杂。
循环体中生产大量对象时。
优点:
性能提高。
逃避构造函数的约束。
缺点:
配备克隆方法需要对类的功能进行通盘考虑,这对于全新的类不是很难,但对于已有的类不一定很容易,特别当一个类引用不支持串行化的间接对象,或者引用含有循环结构的时候。
使用建议:
原型模式已经与 Java 融为浑然一体,大家可以随手拿来使用,比如我们平时多用的:BeanUtils工具类。
两种实现:
(实现一)浅克隆:
hobbies复制的不是值,而是引用的地址,引用对象仍然指向原来的对象,原有对象改变,由其克隆的所有对象均改变, 这显然不是我们想要的结果。
package com.knowledge.system.software_design_pattern.prototype_pattern.course_instance;
public interface Prototype {
Prototype clone();
}
package com.knowledge.system.software_design_pattern.prototype_pattern.course_instance;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @program: demo-pom
* @description:
* @author: bo.hu
* @create: 2020-01-20 17:45
**/
public class ConcretePrototype implements Prototype {
private String name;
private Integer age;
private List<String> hobbies;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public List getHobbies() {
return hobbies;
}
public void setHobbies(List hobbies) {
this.hobbies = hobbies;
}
@Override
public ConcretePrototype clone() {
ConcretePrototype concretePrototype=new ConcretePrototype();
concretePrototype.setAge(this.getAge());
concretePrototype.setHobbies(this.getHobbies());
concretePrototype.setName(this.getName());
return concretePrototype;
}
}
package com.knowledge.system.software_design_pattern.prototype_pattern.course_instance;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @program: demo-pom
* @description: 客户端
* @author: bo.hu
* @create: 2020-01-20 17:53
**/
public class Client {
private Prototype prototype;
public Client(Prototype prototype) {
this.prototype = prototype;
}
public Prototype startClone(Prototype prototype){
return (Prototype)prototype.clone();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConcretePrototype c=new ConcretePrototype();
c.setName("hubo");
c.setAge(23);
List<String> testList=new ArrayList<>();
testList.add("ceshi");
c.setHobbies(testList);
System.out.println(c);
ConcretePrototype clone=(ConcretePrototype) new Client(c).startClone(c);
System.out.println(clone);
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(c.getHobbies()));
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(clone.getHobbies()));
testList.add("hahahah");
c.setHobbies(testList);
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(c.getHobbies()));
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(clone.getHobbies()));
}
}
(实现二)深克隆
package com.knowledge.system.software_design_pattern.prototype_pattern.course_instance;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @program: demo-pom
* @description: 猴子
* @author: bo.hu
* @create: 2020-01-21 14:09
**/
class Monkey {
public int height;
public int weight;
public Date birthday;
}
class JinGuBang implements Serializable{
public float h=100;
public float d=10;
public void big(){
this.d*=2;
this.h*=2;
}
public void small(){
this.d/=2;
this.h/=2;
}
}
class QiTianDaSheng extends Monkey implements Cloneable ,Serializable {
public JinGuBang jinGuBang;
public QiTianDaSheng() {
this.birthday = new Date();
this.jinGuBang = new JinGuBang();
}
@Override
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return this.deepClone();
}
private Object deepClone() {
try {
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
oos.writeObject(this);
ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);
QiTianDaSheng copy = (QiTianDaSheng) ois.readObject();
copy.birthday=new Date();
return copy;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
public QiTianDaSheng shallowClone(QiTianDaSheng target){
QiTianDaSheng qiTianDaSheng=new QiTianDaSheng();
qiTianDaSheng.height=100;
qiTianDaSheng.weight=1000;
qiTianDaSheng.jinGuBang=target.jinGuBang;
qiTianDaSheng.birthday=new Date();
return qiTianDaSheng;
}
}
class Test{
public static void main(String[] args) {
QiTianDaSheng qiTianDaSheng=new QiTianDaSheng();
try {
QiTianDaSheng deepClone=(QiTianDaSheng)qiTianDaSheng.clone();
System.out.println("深克隆:"+(qiTianDaSheng.jinGuBang==deepClone.jinGuBang));
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
QiTianDaSheng shallowClone=qiTianDaSheng.shallowClone(qiTianDaSheng);
System.out.println("浅克隆:"+(qiTianDaSheng.jinGuBang==shallowClone.jinGuBang));
}
}
日常开发中原型模式的使用:
BeanUtils的使用:
package com.knowledge.system.software_design_pattern.prototype_pattern.myself_instance;
import lombok.Data;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @program: demo-pom
* @description:
* @author: bo.hu
* @create: 2020-01-20 17:37
**/
@Data
public class Person{
private String name;
private Integer age;
private BigDecimal money;
private IDcarkd iDcarkd;
@Data
public static class IDcarkd {
private String num;
private Date year;
}
}
package com.knowledge.system.software_design_pattern.prototype_pattern.myself_instance;
import lombok.Data;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @program: demo-pom
* @description:
* @author: bo.hu
* @create: 2020-01-21 15:39
**/
@Data
public class PersonVo {
private String name;
private String age;
private BigDecimal money;
private Person.IDcarkd iDcarkd;
private Test test;
@Data
public static class IDcarkd {
private String num;
private Date year;
}
@Data
public static class Test{
private String name;
private Date date;
}
}
package com.knowledge.system.software_design_pattern.prototype_pattern.myself_instance;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.SerializerFeature;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.Date;
public class BeanUtilsTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person person = new Person();
person.setAge(23);
person.setMoney(new BigDecimal("23.092"));
person.setName("test");
Person.IDcarkd iDcarkd = new Person.IDcarkd();
iDcarkd.setNum("12");
iDcarkd.setYear(new Date());
person.setIDcarkd(iDcarkd);
Person personClone = new Person();
BeanUtils.copyProperties(person, personClone);
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(personClone));
String name=new String("dahghg");
person.setName(name);
person.setMoney(new BigDecimal("83751987598357.009"));
iDcarkd.setNum("9898375");
person.setIDcarkd(iDcarkd);
//数组、实体对象、集合----不支持复制,也即BeanUtils的对象克隆是浅克隆。
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(personClone));
PersonVo vo=new PersonVo();
BeanUtils.copyProperties(person,vo);
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(vo, SerializerFeature.WriteMapNullValue));
}
}
JSON工具的使用:
略。