differential incremental backups 和 cumulative incremental backups 的区别

General

Differential backups were the next step in the evolution of backup strategies. A differential backup backs up only the files that changed since the last full back. For example, suppose you do a full backup on Sunday. On Monday you back up only the files that changed since Sunday, on Tuesday you back up only the files that changed since Sunday, and so on until the next full backup. Differential backups are quicker than full backups because so much less data is being backed up. But the amount of data being backed up grows with each differential backup until the next full back up. Differential backups are more flexible than full backups, but still unwieldy to do more than about once a day, especially as the next full backup approaches.

Incremental backups also back up only the changed data, but they only back up the data that has changed since the last backup — be it a full or incremental backup. They are sometimes called "differential incremental backups," while differential backups are sometimes called "cumulative incremental backups." Confused yet? Don't be.

Veritas:

To explain the difference between the two, it is necessary to understand a basic on-off file attribute called the archive bit. Incremental and Differential backups are dependent upon the archive bit/flag of the files being backed up. If you were to view the properties of a file, you would be able to see whether the archive bit is checked.

The archive bit/flag is either checked or unchecked. When checked, the operating system is indicating that the file needs to be backed up. If the archive bit is unchecked, the OS will automatically check the archive bit of any file that is modified by any application.

A Full backup, also known as an "all selected files" backup, backs up all of the selected files and sets the archive bit to OFF (unchecked), thus indicating that these files have been backed up. A Full backup will back up all the selected files, regardless whether the archive bit is ON or OFF.

An Incremental backup backs up only the selected files that have their archive bit set to ON, setting them back to OFF. This results in a backup of all files that are new or changed since the last backup, whether it was a full or an incremental. The advantage of an Incremental is that it takes the least amount of time and media of all the backup methods.

A Differential backup backs up only the selected files that have their archive bit set to ON but does not set the archive bit back to OFF. A Differential backup will back up all selected files that are new and changed since the last full backup. The advantage of a Differential comes at restore time; you'll need only the last full backup and the last differential to get a complete restore. In the case of restoring with Incremental backups, all the Incremental backups since the last full backup plus the last full backup would be necessary.

Oracle:

Differential Incremental Backups

In a differential level 1 backup, RMAN backs up all blocks that have changed since the most recent incremental backup at level 1 (cumulative or differential) or level 0. For example, in a differential level 1 backup, RMAN determines which level 1 backup occurred most recently and backs up all blocks modified after that backup. If no level 1 is available, RMAN copies all blocks changed since the base level 0 backup.

Cumulative Incremental Backups

In a cumulative level 1 backup, RMAN backs up all the blocks used since the most recent level 0 incremental backup. Cumulative incremental backups reduce the work needed for a restore by ensuring that you only need one incremental backup from any particular level. Cumulative backups require more space and time than differential backups, however, because they duplicate the work done by previous backups at the same level.

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