C++ primer plus 第七章编程练习：4. 许多州的彩票发行结构都使用如程序清单7.4所示的简单彩票玩法的变体。

4. 许多州的彩票发行结构都使用如程序清单7.4所示的简单彩票玩法的变体。在这些玩法中，玩家从一组被称为域号码（field number）的号码中选择几个。例如，可以从域号码1~47中选择5个号码；还可以从第二个区间（如1~27）选择一个号码（称为特选号码）。要赢得头奖，必须正确猜中所有的号码。中头奖的几率是选中所有域号码的几率与选中号码几率的乘积。例如，在这个例子中，中头奖的几率是从47个号码中正确选取5个号码的几率与从27个号码中正确选择1个号码的几率的乘积。请修改程序清单7.4，以计算中得这种彩票头奖的几率。

// lotto.cpp -- probability of winning
#include <iostream>
// Note: some implementations require double instead of long double
long double probability1(unsigned numbers, unsigned picks);
long double probability2(unsigned numbers);
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    double total, choices;
   // cout << fixed;//使用一般方式输出数字！
    cout << "Enter the total filed number of choices on the game card and\n"
        "the filed number of picks allowed:\n";
    while ((cin >> total >> choices) && choices <= total){
        cout << "the probability of wining about field number:\n";
        cout << 1.0/probability1(total, choices) << endl;// compute the odds
        cout << "please enter the total numbers of the special part:";
        int total_special;
        cin >> total_special;
        cout << "the probability of wining about special number:\n";
        cout << probability2(total_special) << endl;
        cout << "the total probability is: ";
        cout << (1.0/probability1(total, choices)) * probability2(total_special);
        break;
    }
    cout << "bye\n";
    // cin.get();
    // cin.get();
    return 0;
}

// the following function calculates the probability of picking picks
// numbers correctly from numbers choices
long double probability1(unsigned numbers, unsigned picks)
{
    long double result = 1.0;  // here come some local variables
    long double n;
    unsigned p;

    for (n = numbers, p = picks; p > 0; n--, p--)
        result = result * n / p;
    return result;
}
long double probability2(unsigned numbers) {
    return long double (1.0 / numbers);
}