[Mysql] 5.Mysql 创建表

C:\Users\admin>mysql -h localhost -u root -pmysql

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 4

Server version: 5.7.14 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

 

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

 

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

 

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mydata             |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| sys                |

| test               |

+--------------------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> use mydata

Database changed

mysql> create table mydata1(

    -> id int,

    -> name varchar(20),

    -> sex boolean

    -> );

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.36 sec)

 

mysql> desc mydata1;

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| id    | int(11)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |

| name  | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |

| sex   | tinyint(1)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

3 rows in set (0.02 sec)

 

mysql> show tables;

+------------------+

| Tables_in_mydata |

+------------------+

| mydata1          |

+------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

5.1 完整性约束条件

Primary key

主键,标识唯一

Foreign key

标识该属性为该表的外键,联系表的主键

Not null

属性不能为空

Unique

属性的值是唯一的

Auto_increment

值自动增加 ,mysql sql 语句的特色

Default

列设置默认值

 

5.2 主键

单字段主键和多字段主键

mysql> create table mydata2(

    -> id int primary key ,       # 单一字段主键

    -> name varchar(20),

    -> sex boolean);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.23 sec)

 

mysql> show tables;

+------------------+

| Tables_in_mydata |

+------------------+

| mydata1          |

| mydata2          |

+------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> desc mydata2;

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| id    | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |

| name  | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |

| sex   | tinyint(1)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> alter table mydata2 drop primary key;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.68 sec)

Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

 

mysql> desc mydata2;

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| id    | int(11)     | NO   |     | NULL    |       |

| name  | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |

| sex   | tinyint(1)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> alter table mydata2 add primary key(id,name) ;  # 设置多字段主键

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.49 sec)

Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

 

mysql> desc mydata2;

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| id    | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |

| name  | varchar(20) | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |

| sex   | tinyint(1)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

也可以在 create table 定义中定义 primary key

mysql> create table mydata3(

    -> id int,

    -> name varchar(20),

    -> sex boolean,

    -> primary key(id,name)

    -> );

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.24 sec)

 

mysql> desc mydata3;

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| id    | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |

| name  | varchar(20) | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |

| sex   | tinyint(1)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

5.3 外键 foreign key

mysql> create table mydata4(

    -> id int primary key,

    -> name varchar(30),

    -> sex boolean,

    -> constraint my_fk foreign key(id) references mydata3(id)

    -> );

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.26 sec)

 

mysql> desc mydata4;

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| id    | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |

| name  | varchar(30) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |

| sex   | tinyint(1)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

5.4 not null 非空

mysql> create table mydata5(

    -> id int primary key,

    -> name varchar(20) not null);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.28 sec)

 

mysql> desc mydata5;

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| id    | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |

| name  | varchar(20) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

 

5.5 unique 唯一性

mysql> create table mydata6(

    -> id int primary key,

    -> name varchar(20) unique);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.35 sec)

 

mysql> desc mydata6;

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| id    | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |

| name  | varchar(20) | YES  | UNI | NULL    |       |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

 

5.6 auto_increment

必须为主键的一部分

mysql> create table mydata7(

    -> id int primary key auto_increment,

    -> name varchar(20))

    -> ;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.24 sec)

 

mysql> desc mydata7;

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| id    | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |

| name  | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

 

5.7 默认值

mysql> create table mydata8(

    -> id int primary key auto_increment,

    -> name varchar(20) unique,

    -> address varchar(100) not null,

    -> city varchar(20) default 'suzhou',

    -> socre float default 0);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.35 sec)

 

mysql> desc mydata8;

+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| Field   | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |

+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| id      | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |

| name    | varchar(20)  | YES  | UNI | NULL    |                |

| address | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |

| city    | varchar(20)  | YES  |     | suzhou   |                |

| socre   | float        | YES  |     | 0       |                |

+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

5 rows in set (0.04 sec)

 

5.8 查看表结构

mysql> show create table mydata1 \G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

       Table: mydata1

Create Table: CREATE TABLE `mydata1` (

  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,

  `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,

  `sex` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

ERROR:

No query specified

 

mysql> desc mydata1;

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| id    | int(11)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |

| name  | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |

| sex   | tinyint(1)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

 

5.9 修改表结构

mysql> alter table mydata1 rename to mydata;   # 修改表名

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.23 sec)

 

mysql> alter table mydata1 modify sex varchar(1);   # 修改列属性

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.77 sec)

Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

 

mysql> alter table mydata1 change city address varchar(20);

mysql> alter table mydata1 change sex city int;    # 修改列名和属性

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.94 sec)

Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

 

mysql> alter table mydata1 add city int;         # 添加列名

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.53 sec)

Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

 

mysql> alter table mydata1 add sal int after address;  # address 栏位后面加列

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.35 sec)

Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

 

mysql> alter table mydata1 add uid int first;    # 加列为首列

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.45 sec)

Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

 

mysql> alter table mydata1 drop city;        # 删除列

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.50 sec)

Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

 

mysql> alter table mydata1 modify sal int after name;   # 修改列的位置

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.53 sec)

Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

 

mysql> alter table mydata1 modify id int first;   # 修改为首列

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.54 sec)

Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

 

CHANGE 对列进行重命名或更改列的类型,需给定旧的列名称和新的列名称、当前的类型 MODIFY 可以改变列的类型,此时不需要重命名(不需给定新的列名称)

 

mysql> alter table mydata1 engine=myisam;    # 修改表的存储引擎

Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.47 sec)

Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

 

mysql> drop table mydata8;                 # 删除表

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.22 sec)

来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ,链接:http://blog.itpub.net/24237320/viewspace-2125882/,如需转载,请注明出处,否则将追究法律责任。

转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/24237320/viewspace-2125882/

评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值