单个分区索引失效导致绑定变量查询无法使用索引

最新推荐文章于 2021-08-26 14:48:45 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-08-26 14:48:45 发布

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文章标签：数据库

一个客户碰到的问题，由于分区维护操作，导致个别分区对应的索引处于UNUSABLE状态，最终导致基于绑定变量的查询无法利用索引。

通过一个具体的例子来说明这个问题：

SQL> create table t_part
2 (id number,
3 name varchar2(30))
4 partition by range (id)
5 (partition p1 values less than (10),
6 partition p2 values less than (20),
7 partition pmax values less than (maxvalue));

Table created.

SQL> create index ind_t_part_id on t_part(id) local;

Index created.

SQL> insert into t_part
2 select rownum, object_name
3 from user_objects;

94 rows created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(user, 'T_PART', cascade => true)

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select index_name, partition_name, status
2 from user_ind_partitions
3 where index_name = 'IND_T_PART_ID';

INDEX_NAME PARTITION_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------
IND_T_PART_ID P1 USABLE
IND_T_PART_ID P2 USABLE
IND_T_PART_ID PMAX USABLE

创建分区表后，分别采用硬编码和绑定变量的方式进行查询：

SQL> var v_id number
SQL> exec :v_id := 5

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> set autot on exp
SQL> select * from t_part where id = 5;

ID NAME
---------- ------------------------------
5 WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 4087175928

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|Id|Operation                          |Name         |Rows|Bytes|Cost|Time    |Pstart|Pstop|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0|SELECT STATEMENT                   |             |   1|   31|   2|00:00:01|      |     |
| 1| PARTITION RANGE SINGLE            |             |   1|   31|   2|00:00:01|    1 |    1|
| 2| TABLE ACCESS BY LOCAL INDEX ROWID|T_PART       |   1|   31|   2|00:00:01|    1 |    1|
|*3|   INDEX RANGE SCAN                |IND_T_PART_ID|   1|     |   1|00:00:01|    1 |    1|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

3 - access("ID"=5)

SQL> select * from t_part where id = :v_id;

ID NAME
---------- ------------------------------
5 WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2089936139

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|Id|Operation                          |Name         |Rows|Bytes|Cost|Time    |Pstart|Pstop|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0|SELECT STATEMENT                   |             |   1|   17|   2|00:00:01|      |     |
| 1| PARTITION RANGE SINGLE            |             |   1|   17|   2|00:00:01| KEY | KEY|
| 2| TABLE ACCESS BY LOCAL INDEX ROWID|T_PART       |   1|   17|   2|00:00:01| KEY | KEY|
|*3|   INDEX RANGE SCAN                |IND_T_PART_ID|   1|     |   1|00:00:01| KEY | KEY|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

3 - access("ID"=TO_NUMBER(:V_ID))

无论采用那种方式，Oracle都会选择分区索引扫描的执行计划。

下面MOVE一个查询并不会访问的分区，使其索引状态变为UNUSABLE：

SQL> alter table t_part move partition p2;

Table altered.

SQL> set autot off
SQL> select index_name, partition_name, status
2 from user_ind_partitions
3 where index_name = 'IND_T_PART_ID';

INDEX_NAME                     PARTITION_NAME                 STATUS
------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------
IND_T_PART_ID                  P1                             USABLE
IND_T_PART_ID                  P2                             UNUSABLE
IND_T_PART_ID                  PMAX                           USABLE

SQL> set autot on exp
SQL> select * from t_part where id = 5;

ID NAME
---------- ------------------------------
5 WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 4087175928

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|Id|Operation                          |Name         |Rows|Bytes|Cost|Time    |Pstart|Pstop|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0|SELECT STATEMENT                   |             |   1|   31|   2|00:00:01|      |     |
| 1| PARTITION RANGE SINGLE            |             |   1|   31|   2|00:00:01|    1 |    1|
| 2| TABLE ACCESS BY LOCAL INDEX ROWID|T_PART       |   1|   31|   2|00:00:01|    1 |    1|
|*3|   INDEX RANGE SCAN                |IND_T_PART_ID|   1|     |   1|00:00:01|    1 |    1|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

3 - access("ID"=5)

SQL> select * from t_part where id = :v_id;

ID NAME
---------- ------------------------------
5 WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1818654859

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id| Operation              | Name   | Rows | Bytes |Cost(%CPU)| Time     | Pstart| Pstop |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0| SELECT STATEMENT       |        |    1 |    17 |    2 (0)| 00:00:01 |       |       |
| 1| PARTITION RANGE SINGLE|        |    1 |    17 |    2 (0)| 00:00:01 |   KEY |   KEY |
|* 2|   TABLE ACCESS FULL    | T_PART |    1 |    17 |    2 (0)| 00:00:01 |   KEY |   KEY |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

2 - filter("ID"=TO_NUMBER(:V_ID))

可以看到，对应非绑定变量方式，Oracle是可以明确定位到要访问的分区，因此SQL执行计划不受影响，仍然是索引扫描。而对于绑定变量的方式则不同，由于这个执行计划对于任何一个输入值都要采用相同的计划，因此Oracle无法判断一个查询是否会访问分区索引UNUSABLE的分区，所以Oracle对于绑定变量的查询采用了单分区的全表扫描执行计划。

为了解决这个问题，除了REBUILD失效的分区外，还可以采用HINT的方式，强制Oracle选择索引扫描的执行计划：

SQL> select /*+ index(t_part ind_t_part_id) */ * from t_part where id = :v_id;

ID NAME
---------- ------------------------------
5 WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2089936139

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|Id|Operation                          |Name         |Rows|Bytes|Cost|Time    |Pstart|Pstop|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0|SELECT STATEMENT                   |             |   1|   17|   2|00:00:01|      |     |
| 1| PARTITION RANGE SINGLE            |             |   1|   17|   2|00:00:01| KEY | KEY|
| 2| TABLE ACCESS BY LOCAL INDEX ROWID|T_PART       |   1|   17|   2|00:00:01| KEY | KEY|
|*3|   INDEX RANGE SCAN                |IND_T_PART_ID|   1|     |   1|00:00:01| KEY | KEY|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

3 - access("ID"=TO_NUMBER(:V_ID))

SQL> exec :v_id := 15

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select /*+ index(t_part ind_t_part_id) */ * from t_part where id = :v_id;
select /*+ index(t_part ind_t_part_id) */ * from t_part where id = :v_id
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01502: index 'TEST.IND_T_PART_ID' or partition of such index is in unusable state

SQL> select * from t_part where id = :v_id;

ID NAME
---------- ------------------------------
15 WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY_PK

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1818654859

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation              | Name   | Rows | Bytes |Cost(%CPU)| Time     |Pstart| Pstop |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT       |        |    1 |    17 |    2 (0)| 00:00:01 |      |       |
| 1 | PARTITION RANGE SINGLE|        |    1 |    17 |    2 (0)| 00:00:01 | KEY |   KEY |
|* 2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL    | T_PART |    1 |    17 |    2 (0)| 00:00:01 | KEY |   KEY |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

2 - filter("ID"=TO_NUMBER(:V_ID))

虽然使用HINT可以让Oracle强制索引扫描，但是如果绑定变量的值指向失效的索引分区，则会导致执行报错。而默认的不使用HINT的语句则不会报错。

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转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/4227/viewspace-734264/