something about Compile and Link on Embedded Linux

1 , Compile 流程

2，The `##' preprocessing operator performs token pasting

#define myprintf(format, ...) printf (format, ##__VA_ARGS__)

#define myprintf(args...) myprintf (args)

3， Endian

  例： mutil-byte number - register 12 34 56 78 

  

big-endian:

the most significant byte has the lowest address

L                                H

78     56      34        12

little-endian:

bytes at lower addresses have lower significance

L                                H

12     34      56        78

4,  -rpath=dir

Add a directory to the runtime library search path,  当然也可以用 environment   variable LD_RUN_PATH

5， Dynamic loading

dlopen() to load a shared library 

dlsym() to find the address of a symbol  

6， extern "C"

#ifdef __cplusplus

extern “C” {

#endif

……

#ifdef __cplusplus

}

#endif

主要是由于C++ overload的特性，的函数编译之后会有类型后缀，而C不会有；

When you state that a function has extern "C" linkage, the C++  compiler does not add argument/parameter type information to the name used for linkage

7,  Optimize level

-O, -O2, -O3, -Os

8,  -D<macro>[=<val>]          

Define a <macro> with <val> as its value.  If just <macro> is given, <val> is taken to be 1

9,  Attribute extended by GNU 

The keyword __attribute__ allows you to specify special attributes when making a

declaration. This keyword is followed by an attribute specification inside double

parentheses

The following attributes are currently defined for functions on all targets:

aligned, alloc_size, noreturn, returns_twice, noinline, noclone,always_inline, flatten, pure, const, nothrow, sentinel, 

format, format_arg, no_instrument_function,no_split_stack, section, constructor, destructor, used, unused, 

deprecated, weak,malloc, alias, ifunc, warn_unused_result, nonnull, gnu_inline, externally_visible, hot, cold, artificial, error and warning

10, 一些常用指令

ar:  Create, modify, and extract from archives

nm:  List symbols from object files

objcopy:   Copy and translate object files

objdump:  Display information from object files

ranlib:  Generate index to archive contents

readelf:  Display the contents of ELF format files

size:  List section sizes and total size

strings:  List printable strings from files

strip:  Discard symbols

addr2line: Convert addresses to file and line