qt 插件的创建与加载

1、创建插件项目

在Qt Creator中，选择 “File” -> “New File or Project” -> “Library” -> “Qt Library” -> “Choose...”，然后按照向导完成项目 MyPlugin 创建。

2、定义插件接口

定义一个插件接口类，所有插件都需要实现这个接口:

#ifndef PLUGININTERFACE_H
#define PLUGININTERFACE_H

#include <QObject>

class PluginInterface {
public:
    virtual ~PluginInterface() {}
    virtual void doSomething() = 0;
};

#define PluginInterface_iid "com.example.PluginInterface"
Q_DECLARE_INTERFACE(PluginInterface, PluginInterface_iid)

#endif // PLUGININTERFACE_H

3、实现插件

在插件项目中，实现插件接口:

myplugin.h

#ifndef MYPLUGIN_H
#define MYPLUGIN_H

#include <QObject>
#include "plugininterface.h"

class MyPlugin : public QObject, public PluginInterface {
    Q_OBJECT
    Q_PLUGIN_METADATA(IID PluginInterface_iid)
    Q_INTERFACES(PluginInterface)

public:
    void doSomething() override;
};

#endif // MYPLUGIN_H

myplugin.cpp

#include "myplugin.h"
#include <QDebug>

void MyPlugin::doSomething() {
    qDebug() << "MyPlugin is doing something!";
}

myplugin.pro

QT += core

TEMPLATE = lib
CONFIG += plugin

TARGET = myplugin
HEADERS += myplugin.h
SOURCES += myplugin.cpp

4、加载和使用插件

4.1 创建主项目

在Qt Creator中，选择“File” -> “New File or Project” -> “Application” -> “Qt Widgets Application” -> “Choose...”，然后按照向导完成项目创建。

4.2 加载插件

在主项目中，使用QPluginLoader加载和使用插件:

#include "mainwindow.h"

#include <QApplication>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QPluginLoader>
#include "plugininterface.h"


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QApplication a(argc, argv);

    QPluginLoader loader("myplugin");
    QObject *plugin = loader.instance();
    if (plugin) {
        PluginInterface *interface = qobject_cast<PluginInterface *>(plugin);
        if (interface) {
            interface->doSomething();
        } else {
            qDebug() << "Failed to cast plugin to PluginInterface.";
        }
    } else {
        qDebug() << "Failed to load plugin:" << loader.errorString();
    }

    MainWindow w;
    w.show();

    return a.exec();
}

main.pro:

HEADERS += plugininterface.h

# 添加插件库路径
LIBS += -L$$OUT_PWD/../myplugin -lmyplugin

# 添加插件接口头文件路径
INCLUDEPATH += $$PWD/../myplugin

5、动态查找插件路径

QDir pluginsDir(qApp->applicationDirPath());
pluginsDir.cd("plugins");

foreach (QString fileName, pluginsDir.entryList(QDir::Files)) {
	QPluginLoader loader(pluginsDir.absoluteFilePath(fileName));
	QObject *plugin = loader.instance();
	if (plugin) {
		PluginInterface *interface = qobject_cast<PluginInterface *>(plugin);
		if (interface) {
			interface->doSomething();
		} else {
			qDebug() << "Failed to cast plugin to PluginInterface.";
		}
	} else {
		qDebug() << "Failed to load plugin:" << loader.errorString();
	}
}

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