K shell Operators

touch test
vi test	编辑脚本
test
#!/bin/ksh
who |wc -l
rmdir test.1
num=2
echo "this is the $num"
Esc	退出编辑模式
:wq	保存退出
chmod +x test		设置可执行权限，这样就可以像shell一样直接执行
db2		进入DB2编辑模式
quit		退出DB2编辑模式
sh -x test		执行test脚本，同时列出变量值
sh -n test		不执行脚本只检查语法，会返回语法错误

head -3 1.txt
tail -3 1.txt
top 查看cpu等的使用率
sudo find / -name 1.txt 可以使用root权限
cd ~ 直接到home目录
cd
ps -ef
find	find file
find  .-name ".csv"
grep
df -g 查看文件系统分区
du -sm * 察看当前目录的文件大小
chmod 改变文件权限
chmod 改变文件权限
topas (aix上面)查看系统状态,io, cup, memory之类的
uname 查看系统名
awk, sed, cut 用来进行文本处理
useradd,groupadd,passwd
wc 统计行数,字符数
vi 文本编辑
who
管道符 |
重定向 >><<
mkdir 创建目录
more,cat 查看文件内容

Table 2-3 Integer Comparison Operators

Operator Returns

n1 == n2 Success if integers n1 and n2 are equal

n1 != n2 Success if integers n1 and n2 are not equal

n1 > n2 Success if integer n1 is greater than integer n2

n1 >= n2 Success if integer n1 is greater than or equal to integer n2

n1 < n2 Success if integer n1 is less than integer n2

n1 <= n2 Success if integer n1 is less than or equal to integer n2

Table 2-4 String Comparison

Operator Returns

-z s1 Success if length of string s1 is zero

-n s1 Success if length of string s1 is non-zero

s1 = s2 Success if strings s1 and s2 are identical

s1 != s2 Success if strings s1 and s2 are not identical

s1 < s2 Success if string s1 comes before string s2 based on their

ASCII values

s1 > s2 Success if string s1 comes after string s2 based on their

ASCII values

Table 2-5 File Enquiry Operators

Operator Returns

-a file Success if file exists

-r file Success if file exists and is readable

-w file Success if file exists and is writable

-x file Success if file exists and is executable

-f file Success if file exists and is a regular file (as opposed to a

directory)

-d file Success if file exists and is a directory

-s file Success if file exists and has a size greater than zero

file1 -nt file2 Success if file1 is newer than file2

file1 -ot file2 Success if file1 is older than file2

file1 -ef file2 Success if file1 is another name for file2

Table A-1 Common Symbols

Symbol Definition

$1, $2,... $9,${10},

${11}...

Positional parameters specified on command line

$0  Name of shell script

$$  Process id (PID) of currently executing shell

$PPID Process ID of parent process to current shell

$# Number of positional parameters

$* All positional parameters

$? Exit status of most recent command

$! Process ID of last background process

${var:-default} ! Value for variable var

! Default value if var not set

${#var} Number of characters in the value of variable var

${#array[*]} Number of elements in array named array

! Semicolon (;)

! Parenthesis (())

! Braces ({}) (or curly braces)

Using the Semicolon

Use the semicolon to join several shell commands on the same line. Each

command executes as if typed on separate lines.

The following example shows how to group two commands with a semicolon.

Example

$ cd /etc ; ls m*

mail.aliases miscd mkfs

mklost+found mknod mkpasswd

mkproto motd mount

$ pwd

/etc

Using Parentheses

Parentheses force the group to execute in a child shell.

The following example shows how to use parenthesis.

Example

$ pwd # where are we?

/usr/users/sam

$ (cd /etc ; ls m*) # run in a child shell

mail.aliases miscd mkfs

mklost+found mknod mkpasswd

mkproto motd mount

$ pwd # child shell cannot influence its parent.

/usr/users/sam

Using Braces

Braces cause the group to execute in the parent shell, but allow redirection of

multiple commands.

$ { cd /etc ; pwd ; ls m* ; } > ~/list

Note the punctuation: Spaces before and after the braces are essential; the trailing

semicolon is also essential.

The following example shows how to use braces.

Example

$ cat ~/list

/etc

mail.aliases miscd mkfs

mklost+found mknod mkpasswd

mkproto motd mount

$ pwd

/etc

Parent and Child Scripts

When you run a shell script. from the KornShell command line, the shell script. is a

“child” and the KornShell command line is the “parent.” A child cannot change

the parent’s environment.

The following example shows how a child cannot change the parent’s working

directory.

Example

$ pwd # what is the current directory?

/usr/users/sam

$ cat show_cron # here is a simple shell script

cd /var/spool/cron/crontabs

ls

$ show_cron # run the shell script

adm cronuucp milt

root sys uucp

$ pwd # why did the directory not change?

/usr/users/sam

Running a Sibling

Using the Dot Command

The following example runs show_cron as a sibling.

Example

$ . show_cron # run the script. as a dot command

adm cronuucp milt

root sys uucp

$ pwd # now the directory changed!

/var/spool/cron/crontabs

The exec Command

The exec command replaces the parent shell with any shell command, as shown

in the following example. The exec command is seldom used.

Example

$ exec show_cron

adm cronuucp milt

root sys uucp

login:

The && Operator

The following example shows how to use the && operator.

Example

cmd1 && cmd2 execute cmd2 only if cmd1 succeeds.

$ who | grep -q sam && print "sam is logged on"

The | | Operator

The following example shows how to use the || operator.

Example

cmd1 || cmd2 execute cmd2 only if cmd1 fails.

$ who | grep -q sam || print "sam NOT logged on"

Using the case Statement

The following code example shows typical usage of case.

Example

case $1 in

[0-9]) print "is a single digit"

;;

dog|cat) print "is name of house pet"

;;

lion) print "is king of the jungle"

;;

[a-z]*) print "begins with lower case"

;;

*) print "none of the above"

;;

esac

----------------------------------------------

while [ $1 ]

do

  case $1 in

  "1") shift; month="2011-01-01";;

  "2") shift; month="2011-02-01";;

  "3") shift; month="2011-03-01";;

  "4") shift; month="2011-04-01";;

  "5") shift; month="2011-05-01";;

  "6") shift; month="2011-06-01";;

  "7") shift; month="2011-07-01";;

  "8") shift; month="2011-08-01";;

  "9") shift; month="2011-09-01";;

  "10") shift; month="2011-10-01";;

  "11") shift; month="2011-11-01";;

  "12") shift; month="2011-12-01";;

  esac

Using the until Statement

The following example shows how to use until in a negative iteration loop.

Example

until [[ $1 = "harry" ]]

do

print "Where is harry? - $1"

shift

done

$ myscript. sam mary harry tom

Where is harry? - sam

Where is harry? - mary

Using the while read Statement

The following is an example of using the while read statement combination

below.

Example

$ cat myscript

while read line

do

print $line

done < file1 > file2

print “That is all.”

By redirecting standard input and standard output on the done line, the KornShell

will gather all input for the while read statement from file1 and will send

all output within the body of the loop to file2.

$ cat file1 # here is the input file

This is the first line of file1.

This is the second line of file1.

This is the third line of file1.

$ myscript. # now we will run the script

That’s all. # notice that this line does not go into file2.

$ cat file2 # here is the output file

This is the first line of file1.

This is the second line of file1.

This is the third line of file1.

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