Hbase shell常见命令

shell 命令

启动Hbase shell：

bin/hbase shell

[hadoop@master hbase-1.2.6]$ ./bin/hbase shell 
hbase(main):001:0>

hbase shell 命令的帮助可以通过help查看

hbase>help  #查看帮助
hbase>help 'command' #查看具体命令的帮助

下面介绍一些常见的命令：

• 命名空间：
  Hbase命名空间可以对比理解为关系型数据库中的database。
  创建namespace:

   hbase(main):032:0> create_namespace 'ns_test'
   0 row(s) in 0.1090 seconds
  

  查看namespace

   hbase(main):034:0> describe_namespace 'ns_test'
   DESCRIPTION                                                                                          
   {NAME => 'ns_test'}                                                                                  
   1 row(s) in 0.0160 seconds
  

  查看所有namespace

   hbase(main):042:0> list_namespace 'ns'
   NAMESPACE                                                                                            
   ns2                                                                                                  
   ns_test                                                                                              
   2 row(s) in 0.0150 seconds
  

  查看namespace下的表

   hbase(main):047:0> list_namespace_tables 'ns_test'
   TABLE                                                                                                
   0 row(s) in 0.0260 seconds
  

• 表相关：
  创建表

   hbase(main):017:0* create 'ns_test:t1', {NAME=>'f1'}, {NAME=>'f2'}
   0 row(s) in 2.3050 seconds
   
   => Hbase::Table - ns_test:t1
  

  修改表

   # 表t1增加列族f3
   hbase(main):035:0> alter 'ns_test:t1' , 'f3'
   Updating all regions with the new schema...
   0/1 regions updated.
   1/1 regions updated.
   Done.
   0 row(s) in 3.0650 seconds
   注意：生产环境上要为一个表添加一个列簇，一定要先disable这个表，不要直接操作。新增一个列簇对性能影响较大。
  
   # 表t1删除列族f4
   hbase(main):065:0>  alter 'ns_test:t1', NAME => 'f4',METHOD => 'delete'
   Updating all regions with the new schema...
   1/1 regions updated.
   Done.
   0 row(s) in 2.2440 seconds
  

  disable表

   hbase(main):021:0* disable 'ns_test:t1'
   0 row(s) in 2.3210 seconds
  

  enable表

   hbase(main):025:0> enable 'ns_test:t1'
   0 row(s) in 1.3030 seconds
  

  判断表是否存在

   hbase(main):028:0> exists 'ns_test:t1'
   Table ns_test:t1 does exist                                                                          
   0 row(s) in 0.0100 seconds
  

  查看表相关信息

   hbase(main):071:0> describe 'ns_test:t1'
   Table ns_test:t1 is ENABLED                                                                          
   ns_test:t1                                                                                           
   COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION                                                                          
   {NAME => 'f1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FA
   LSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BL
   OCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}                                  
   {NAME => 'f2', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FA
   LSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BL
   OCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}                                  
   {NAME => 'f3', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FA
   LSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BL
   OCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}                                  
   3 row(s) in 0.0340 seconds
  

  查看所有表

   hbase(main):087:0* list
   TABLE                                                                                                
   ns2:t1                                                                                               
   ns2:t2                                                                                               
   ns_test:t1                                                                                           
   3 row(s) in 0.0060 seconds
   
   => ["ns2:t1", "ns2:t2", "ns_test:t1"]
  

  删除表（只有disable后的表才能被删除）

   hbase(main):096:0> drop 'ns_test:t1'
   0 row(s) in 1.2760 seconds
  

• 表数据操作：
  添加数据

   hbase(main):101:0> put 'ns_test:t1', '0001', 'f1:name', 'bob'
   0 row(s) in 0.1650 seconds
  

  全表扫描

   hbase(main):105:0> scan 'ns_test:t1'
   ROW                        COLUMN+CELL                                                               
    0001                      column=f1:age, timestamp=1532252491211, value=30                          
    0001                      column=f1:name, timestamp=1532252499881, value=bob                        
   1 row(s) in 0.0460 seconds
  

  获取某一行数据

   # 获取一行的所有数据
   hbase(main):001:0> get 'ns_test:t1', '0001'
   COLUMN                     CELL                                                                      
    f1:age                    timestamp=1532252491211, value=30                                         
    f1:name                   timestamp=1532252499881, value=bob                                        
   2 row(s) in 0.3190 seconds
  

  获取一行某个列限定符的数据

   hbase(main):014:0* get 'ns_test:t1', '0001', 'f1:age'
   COLUMN                     CELL                                                                      
    f1:age                    timestamp=1532252491211, value=30                                         
   1 row(s) in 0.0140 seconds
  

  删除一行数据

   hbase(main):003:0> deleteall  'ns_test:t1', '0001'
   0 row(s) in 0.3380 seconds
  

  删除一个cell的数据

   hbase(main):002:0> delete 'ns_test:t1', '0001', 'f1:age'
   0 row(s) in 0.2380 seconds
  

  获取表的行数

   hbase(main):006:0> count 'ns_test:t1'
   1 row(s) in 0.0590 seconds
   
   => 1
  

  清空表数据

   hbase(main):013:0* truncate 'ns_test:t1'
   Truncating 'ns_test:t1' table (it may take a while):
    - Disabling table...
    - Truncating table...
   0 row(s) in 3.8720 seconds
   
   hbase(main):026:0> scan 'ns_test:t1'
   ROW                        COLUMN+CELL                                                               
   0 row(s) in 0.1380 seconds
  

总结

该文总结了Hbase启停脚本与常见shell命令的使用。