linux通过grep根据关键字查找日志文件上下文

linux通过grep根据关键字查找日志文件上下文

1、在标准unix/linux下的grep命令中，通过以下参数控制上下文的显示：

grep -C 10 keyword catalina.out 显示file文件中匹配keyword字串那行以及上下10行

grep -B 10 keyword catalina.out 显示keyword及前10行

grep -A 10 keyword catalina.out 显示keyword及后10行

2、查找的结果比较大时，为了方便定位问题，也可以重定向到文件中，比如：

grep -C 10 keyword catalina.out > aaa.txt

3、统计包含某个关键字的个数

grep -o keyword catalina.out | wc -l

4、如果一行最多一个关键字，可以简写为：
grep -c keyword catalina.out

5、查看grep版本的方法是

grep -V

Grep命令详细说明：

Usage: grep [OPTION]… PATTERN [FILE]…
Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input.
PATTERN is, by default, a basic regular expression (BRE).
Example: grep -i ‘hello world’ menu.h main.c

Regexp selection and interpretation:
-E, --extended-regexp PATTERN is an extended regular expression (ERE)
-F, --fixed-strings PATTERN is a set of newline-separated fixed strings
-G, --basic-regexp PATTERN is a basic regular expression (BRE)
-P, --perl-regexp PATTERN is a Perl regular expression
-e, --regexp=PATTERN use PATTERN for matching
-f, --file=FILE obtain PATTERN from FILE
-i, --ignore-case ignore case distinctions
-w, --word-regexp force PATTERN to match only whole words
-x, --line-regexp force PATTERN to match only whole lines
-z, --null-data a data line ends in 0 byte, not newline

Miscellaneous:
-s, --no-messages suppress error messages
-v, --invert-match select non-matching lines
-V, --version display version information and exit
–help display this help text and exit

Output control:
-m, --max-count=NUM stop after NUM matches
-b, --byte-offset print the byte offset with output lines
-n, --line-number print line number with output lines
–line-buffered flush output on every line
-H, --with-filename print the file name for each match
-h, --no-filename suppress the file name prefix on output
–label=LABEL use LABEL as the standard input file name prefix
-o, --only-matching show only the part of a line matching PATTERN
-q, --quiet, --silent suppress all normal output
–binary-files=TYPE assume that binary files are TYPE;
TYPE is ‘binary’, ‘text’, or ‘without-match’
-a, --text equivalent to --binary-files=text
-I equivalent to --binary-files=without-match
-d, --directories=ACTION how to handle directories;
ACTION is ‘read’, ‘recurse’, or ‘skip’
-D, --devices=ACTION how to handle devices, FIFOs and sockets;
ACTION is ‘read’ or ‘skip’
-r, --recursive like --directories=recurse
-R, --dereference-recursive
likewise, but follow all symlinks
–include=FILE_PATTERN
search only files that match FILE_PATTERN
–exclude=FILE_PATTERN
skip files and directories matching FILE_PATTERN
–exclude-from=FILE skip files matching any file pattern from FILE
–exclude-dir=PATTERN directories that match PATTERN will be skipped.
-L, --files-without-match print only names of FILEs containing no match
-l, --files-with-matches print only names of FILEs containing matches
-c, --count print only a count of matching lines per FILE
-T, --initial-tab make tabs line up (if needed)
-Z, --null print 0 byte after FILE name

Context control:
-B, --before-context=NUM print NUM lines of leading context
-A, --after-context=NUM print NUM lines of trailing context
-C, --context=NUM print NUM lines of output context
-NUM same as --context=NUM
–group-separator=SEP use SEP as a group separator
–no-group-separator use empty string as a group separator
–color[=WHEN],
–colour[=WHEN] use markers to highlight the matching strings;
WHEN is ‘always’, ‘never’, or ‘auto’
-U, --binary do not strip CR characters at EOL (MSDOS/Windows)
-u, --unix-byte-offsets report offsets as if CRs were not there
(MSDOS/Windows)

‘egrep’ means ‘grep -E’. ‘fgrep’ means ‘grep -F’.
Direct invocation as either ‘egrep’ or ‘fgrep’ is deprecated.
When FILE is -, read standard input. With no FILE, read . if a command-line
-r is given, - otherwise. If fewer than two FILEs are given, assume -h.
Exit status is 0 if any line is selected, 1 otherwise;
if any error occurs and -q is not given, the exit status is 2.

Report bugs to: bug-grep@gnu.org
GNU Grep home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/grep/
General help using GNU software: http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/