【学习笔记】【linux】【grep命令】grep常用参数指南

【官方文档】

>> grep --help

Usage: grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE] ...
Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input.
// 功能说明：查找文件或者输入内容中里符合条件的字符串。
Example: grep -i 'hello world' menu.h main.c

Regexp selection and interpretation:
  -E, --extended-regexp     PATTERN is an extended regular expression
  //将范本样式为延伸的普通表示法来使用
  
  -F, --fixed-strings       PATTERN is a set of newline-separated strings
  //范本样式视为固定字符串的列表

  -G, --basic-regexp        PATTERN is a basic regular expression
  //将范本样式视为普通的表示法来使用

  -P, --perl-regexp         PATTERN is a Perl regular expression
  -e, --regexp=PATTERN      use PATTERN as a regular expression
  //指定字符串做为查找文件内容的范本样式。

  -f, --file=FILE           obtain PATTERN from FILE
  -i, --ignore-case         ignore case distinctions
  //不区分大小写地搜索。默认情况区分大小写

  -w, --word-regexp         force PATTERN to match only whole words
  //只匹配整个单词，而不是字符串的一部分（如匹配‘magic’，而不是‘magical’）

  -x, --line-regexp         force PATTERN to match only whole lines
  //只显示全列符合的列

  -z, --null-data           a data line ends in 0 byte, not newline

Miscellaneous:
  -s, --no-messages         suppress error messages
  //不显示错误信息

  -v, --invert-match        select non-matching lines
  //反转查找

  -V, --version             print version information and exit
  //显示版本信息

      --help                display this help and exit
      --mmap                use memory-mapped input if possible

Output control:
  -m, --max-count=NUM       stop after NUM matches
  -b, --byte-offset         print the byte offset with output lines
  -n, --line-number         print line number with output lines
  //在显示符合范本样式的那一列之前，标示出该列的列数编号。

      --line-buffered       flush output on every line
  -H, --with-filename       print the filename for each match
  //在显示符合范本样式的那一列之前，表示该列所属的文件名称

  -h, --no-filename         suppress the prefixing filename on output
  //在显示符合范本样式的那一列之前，不标示该列所属的文件名称

      --label=LABEL         print LABEL as filename for standard input
  -o, --only-matching       show only the part of a line matching PATTERN
  -q, --quiet, --silent     suppress all normal output
  //不显示任何信息

      --binary-files=TYPE   assume that binary files are TYPE
                            TYPE is 'binary', 'text', or 'without-match'
  -a, --text                equivalent to --binary-files=text
  //不要忽略二进制的数据

  -I                        equivalent to --binary-files=without-match
  -d, --directories=ACTION  how to handle directories
                            ACTION is 'read', 'recurse', or 'skip'
  //当指定要查找的是目录而非文件时，必须使用这项参数，否则grep指令将回报信息并停止动作。

  -D, --devices=ACTION      how to handle devices, FIFOs and sockets
                            ACTION is 'read' or 'skip'
  -R, -r, --recursive       equivalent to --directories=recurse
      --include=PATTERN     files that match PATTERN will be examined
      --exclude=PATTERN     files that match PATTERN will be skipped.
      --exclude-from=FILE   files that match PATTERN in FILE will be skipped.
  -L, --files-without-match only print FILE names containing no match
  //列出不匹配的文件名

  -l, --files-with-matches  only print FILE names containing matches
  //只列出匹配的文件名，列出文件内容符合指定的范本样式的文件名称

  -c, --count               only print a count of matching lines per FILE
  //计算符合范本样式的列数

  -Z, --null                print 0 byte after FILE name

Context control:
  -B, --before-context=NUM  print NUM lines of leading context
  //除了显示符合范本样式的那一列之外，并显示该列之前的内容

  -A, --after-context=NUM   print NUM lines of trailing context
  //除了显示符合范本样式的那一列之外，并显示该列之后的内容

  -C, --context=NUM         print NUM lines of output context
  //匹配的上下文分别显示[number]行，
  //除了显示符合范本样式的那一列之外，并显示该列之前后的内容

  -NUM                      same as --context=NUM
      --color[=WHEN],
      --colour[=WHEN]       use markers to distinguish the matching string
                            WHEN may be `always', `never' or `auto'.
  -U, --binary              do not strip CR characters at EOL (MSDOS)
  -u, --unix-byte-offsets   report offsets as if CRs were not there (MSDOS)

`egrep' means `grep -E'.  `fgrep' means `grep -F'.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.  If less than
two FILEs given, assume -h.  Exit status is 0 if match, 1 if no match,
and 2 if trouble.