awk中的匹配一般这样用:
$ cat file
hello
this is a var
hello bye
$ awk '/hello/' file
hello
hello bye
但如果要匹配的值是一个变量,要这样写
$ awk -v pat="hello" '/pat/' file
$ # NO MATCHES!
$ awk -v pat="hello" '$0~pat' file
hello # WE MATCH!
hello bye
同时,也可以只匹配某个字段
$ awk -v pat="hello" '$1~pat' file
hello # WE MATCH!
hello bye