解决一个MFC程序的工具栏背景为黑的问题

clever101

于 2022-05-01 15:33:01 发布

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分类专栏： Visual C++

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/clever101/article/details/124527603

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本文介绍了在MFC程序中遇到工具栏背景显示为黑色的故障，通过分析代码并请教他人，发现是由于链接的老版本comctrl32.dll不支持32位真彩色图像的ImageList导致的。解决方案是通过在工程的stdafx.h文件中添加特定的pragma指令，强制链接新版本的comctrl32.dll，从而修复了问题。

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问题现象描述

最近实现在一个MFC单文档程序上动态创建菜单栏和工具栏，代码如下：

static void DelRedundantMenu(HMENU hMenu)
{
	//  首先删除多余的菜单项
	int Menucount = GetMenuItemCount(hMenu);
	for (int i = Menucount - 1; i > -1; i--)
	{
		::DeleteMenu(hMenu, i, MF_BYPOSITION);
	}
}

BOOL CMainFrame::CreateMenuBar()
{
	// 删除默认的菜单
	CMenu* pMenu = GetMenu();
	if (NULL != pMenu)
	{
		DelRedundantMenu(pMenu->GetSafeHmenu());
	}

	CMenu PopupMenu;
	PopupMenu.CreatePopupMenu();
	PopupMenu.AppendMenu(MF_STRING, 1024, "&New");
	PopupMenu.AppendMenu(MF_STRING, 1025, "&Open");
	PopupMenu.AppendMenu(MF_STRING, 1026, "&Close");
	PopupMenu.AppendMenu(MF_STRING, 1027, "E&xit");
	pMenu->AppendMenu(MF_POPUP, (UINT)PopupMenu.m_hMenu, "&File"); //关键！  
	PopupMenu.Detach();	


	return TRUE;
}

int CMainFrame::OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct)
{
	if (CFrameWnd::OnCreate(lpCreateStruct) == -1)
		return -1;


	CreateMenuBar();
	
	if (!m_wndToolBar.CreateEx(this, TBSTYLE_FLAT, WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | CBRS_TOP
		| CBRS_GRIPPER | CBRS_TOOLTIPS | CBRS_FLYBY | CBRS_SIZE_DYNAMIC))
	{
		TRACE0("未能创建工具栏\n");
		return -1;      // 未能创建
	}

	TCHAR dir[MAX_PATH], fname[MAX_PATH];
	GetModuleFileName((HMODULE)theApp.m_hInstance, dir, MAX_PATH);
	TCHAR *p1 = _tcsrchr(dir, _T('\\'));
	*p1 = 0;

	
	CImage img;
	_stprintf_s(fname, MAX_PATH, _T("%s\\apple_64px.png"), dir);
	img.Load(fname);

	CImageList imglist;
	imglist.Create(img.GetWidth(), img.GetHeight(), ILC_COLOR32, 16, 16);

	ImageList_Add(imglist.GetSafeHandle(), (HBITMAP)img, NULL);

	_stprintf_s(fname, MAX_PATH, _T("%s\\heart_64px.png"), dir);
	img.Destroy();
	img.Load(fname);
	ImageList_Add(imglist.GetSafeHandle(), (HBITMAP)img, NULL);

	_stprintf_s(fname, MAX_PATH, _T("%s\\windows_xp_64px.png"), dir);
	img.Destroy();
	img.Load(fname);
	ImageList_Add(imglist.GetSafeHandle(), (HBITMAP)img, NULL);

	HIMAGELIST hImgs = imglist.Detach();

	SIZE sizeButton, sizeImage;
	sizeButton.cx = img.GetWidth() + 7;
	sizeButton.cy = img.GetHeight() + 6;
	sizeImage.cx = img.GetWidth();
	sizeImage.cy = img.GetHeight();
	m_wndToolBar.SetSizes(sizeButton, sizeImage);
	m_wndToolBar.SendMessage(TB_SETIMAGELIST, 0, (LPARAM)hImgs);

	int i = 0;
	TBBUTTON buttons[3];
	
	buttons[i].iBitmap = 0;
	buttons[i].idCommand = ID_APP_ABOUT;
	buttons[i].fsState = TBSTATE_ENABLED;
	buttons[i].fsStyle = BTNS_BUTTON;
	buttons[i].dwData = 0;
	buttons[i].iString = 0;
	i++;

	buttons[i].iBitmap = 1;
	buttons[i].idCommand = ID_FILE_OPEN;
	buttons[i].fsState = TBSTATE_ENABLED;
	buttons[i].fsStyle = BTNS_BUTTON;
	buttons[i].dwData = 0;
	buttons[i].iString = 0;
	i++;

	buttons[i].iBitmap = 2;
	buttons[i].idCommand = ID_FILE_SAVE;
	buttons[i].fsState = TBSTATE_ENABLED;
	buttons[i].fsStyle = BTNS_BUTTON;
	buttons[i].dwData = 0;
	buttons[i].iString = 0;
	i++;

	m_wndToolBar.SendMessage(TB_ADDBUTTONS, i, (LPARAM)buttons);
	
	if (!m_wndStatusBar.Create(this) ||
		!m_wndStatusBar.SetIndicators(indicators,
		  sizeof(indicators)/sizeof(UINT)))
	{
		TRACE0("未能创建状态栏\n");
		return -1;      // 未能创建
	}

	// TODO: 如果不需要工具栏可停靠，则删除这三行
	m_wndToolBar.EnableDocking(CBRS_ALIGN_ANY);
	EnableDocking(CBRS_ALIGN_ANY);
	DockControlBar(&m_wndToolBar);

	return 0;
}

结果的效果图如下：
可以看到工具栏的背景是黑色的。

原因分析

我仔细研究了一下代码，发现代码并无问题。那么问题出现在什么地方呢？请教了一位朋友后，他告诉我老版本的comctrl32.dll不支持32位真彩色图像的ImageList，我的程序可能是链接了老版本的comctrl32.dll。

解决方案

按照朋友给的建议，要修改的话应该是强制链接新版本的comctrl32.dll，具体是在工程的stdafx.h添加如下代码：

#if defined _M_IX86
#pragma comment(linker, "/manifestdependency:\"type='win32' name='Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls' version='6.0.0.0' processorArchitecture='x86' publicKeyToken='6595b64144ccf1df' language='*'\"")
#elif defined _M_IA64
#pragma comment(linker, "/manifestdependency:\"type='win32' name='Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls' version='6.0.0.0' processorArchitecture='ia64' publicKeyToken='6595b64144ccf1df' language='*'\"")
#elif defined _M_X64
#pragma comment(linker, "/manifestdependency:\"type='win32' name='Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls' version='6.0.0.0' processorArchitecture='amd64' publicKeyToken='6595b64144ccf1df' language='*'\"")
#else
#pragma comment(linker, "/manifestdependency:\"type='win32' name='Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls' version='6.0.0.0' processorArchitecture='*' publicKeyToken='6595b64144ccf1df' language='*'\"")
#endif
='win32' name='Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls' version='6.0.0.0' processorArchitecture='*' publicKeyToken='6595b64144ccf1df' language='*'\"")
#endif