ctime 使用

Functions

Time manipulation

clock

Clock program (function)

difftime

Return difference between two times (function)

mktime

Convert tm structure to time_t (function)

time	Get current time (function)

Conversion:

asctime

Convert tm structure to string (function)

ctime

Convert time_t value to string (function)

gmtime

Convert time_t to tm as UTC time (function)

localtime

Convert time_t to tm as local time (function)

strftime

Format time to string (function)

gmtime

function

<ctime>

struct tm * gmtime ( const time_t * timer );

Convert time_t to tm as UTC time

Uses the value pointed by timer to fill a tm structure with the values that represent the corresponding time, expressed as UTC (or GMT timezone).

Parameters

timer

Pointer to a time_t value representing a calendar time (see time_t).

 

Return Value

A pointer to a tm structure with the time information filled in.

This structure is statically allocated and shared by the functions gmtime and localtime. Each time either one of these functions is called the contents of this structure is overwritten.

Example

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/* gmtime example */ #include <stdio.h> #include <time.h> #define MST (-7) #define UTC (0) #define CCT (+8) int main () { time_t rawtime; tm * ptm; time ( &rawtime ); ptm = gmtime ( &rawtime ); puts ("Current time around the World:"); printf ("Phoenix, AZ (U.S.) : %2d:%02d/n", (ptm->tm_hour+MST)%24, ptm->tm_min); printf ("Reykjavik (Iceland) : %2d:%02d/n", (ptm->tm_hour+UTC)%24, ptm->tm_min); printf ("Beijing (China) : %2d:%02d/n", (ptm->tm_hour+CCT)%24, ptm->tm_min); return 0; }

 

mktime

function

<ctime>

time_t mktime ( struct tm * timeptr );

Convert tm structure to time_t

Interprets the contents of the tm structure pointed by timeptr as a calendar time expressed in local time. This calendar time is used to adjust the values of the members of timeptr accordingly and returned as an object of type time_t.

The original values of the members tm_wday and tm_yday of timeptr are ignored, and the ranges of values for the rest of its members are not restricted to their normal values (like tm_mday being between 1 and 31).

The object pointed by timeptr is modified, setting the tm_wday and tm_yday to their appropiate values, and modifying the other members as necessary to values within the normal range representing the specified time.

Parameters

timeptr

Pointer to a tm structure that contains a calendar time broken down into its components (see tm).

 

Return Value

A time_t value corresponding to the calendar time passed as argument.
On error, a -1 value is returned.

Example

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/* mktime example: weekday calculator */ #include <stdio.h> #include <time.h> int main () { time_t rawtime; struct tm * timeinfo; int year, month ,day; char * weekday[] = { "Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"}; /* prompt user for date */ printf ("Enter year: "); scanf ("%d",&year); printf ("Enter month: "); scanf ("%d",&month); printf ("Enter day: "); scanf ("%d",&day); /* get current timeinfo and modify it to the user's choice */ time ( &rawtime ); timeinfo = localtime ( &rawtime ); timeinfo->tm_year = year - 1900; timeinfo->tm_mon = month - 1; timeinfo->tm_mday = day; /* call mktime: timeinfo->tm_wday will be set */ mktime ( timeinfo ); printf ("That day is a %s./n", weekday[timeinfo->tm_wday]); return 0; }

time_t

type

<ctime>

Time type

Type capable of representing times and support arithmetical operations.

This type is returned by the time function and is used as parameter by some other functions of the <ctime> header.

It is almost universally expected to be an integral value representing the number of seconds elapsed since 00:00 hours, Jan 1, 1970 UTC. This is due to historical reasons, since it corresponds to a unix timestamp, but is widely implemented in C libraries across all platforms.

 

struct tm

type

<ctime>

Time structure

Structure containing a calendar date and time broken down into its components.

The structure contains nine members of type int, which are (in any order):

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int tm_sec; int tm_min; int tm_hour; int tm_mday; int tm_mon; int tm_year; int tm_wday; int tm_yday; int tm_isdst;

The meaning of each is:

Member	Meaning	Range
tm_sec	seconds after the minute	0-61*
tm_min	minutes after the hour	0-59
tm_hour	hours since midnight	0-23
tm_mday	day of the month	1-31
tm_mon	months since January	0-11
tm_year	years since 1900
tm_wday	days since Sunday	0-6
tm_yday	days since January 1	0-365
tm_isdst	Daylight Saving Time flag

localtime

function

<ctime>

struct tm * localtime ( const time_t * timer );

Convert time_t to tm as local time

Uses the time pointed by timer to fill a tm structure with the values that represent the corresponding local time.

Parameters

timer

Pointer to a time_t value representing a calendar time (see time_t).

 

Return Value

A pointer to a tm structure with the time information filled in.

This structure is statically allocated and shared by the functions gmtime and localtime. Each time either one of these functions is called the content of this structure is overwritten.

Example

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/* localtime example */ #include <stdio.h> #include <time.h> int main () { time_t rawtime; struct tm * timeinfo; time ( &rawtime ); timeinfo = localtime ( &rawtime ); printf ( "Current local time and date: %s", asctime (timeinfo) ); return 0; }