C++ 并发编程指南（13）线程池原理与实践 | 13.3、源码实现

前言：

一、源码实现

下面是线程池源码完整实现，如下：

// ThreadPool.h
#ifndef THREAD_POOL_H
#define THREAD_POOL_H

#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <memory>
#include <thread> // NOLINT
#include <mutex> // NOLINT
#include <condition_variable> // NOLINT
#include <future> // NOLINT
#include <functional>
#include <stdexcept>

class ThreadPool
{
public:
    explicit ThreadPool(size_t);

    template<class F, class... Args>
    auto enqueue(F&& f, Args&&... args)
        -> std::future<typename std::result_of<F(Args...)>::type>;

    ~ThreadPool();
private:
    // need to keep track of threads so we can join them
    std::vector< std::thread > workers;
    // the task queue
    std::queue< std::function<void()> > tasks;

    // synchronization
    std::mutex queue_mutex;
    std::condition_variable condition;
    bool stop;
};

// the constructor just launches some amount of workers
inline ThreadPool::ThreadPool(size_t threads)
    :   stop(false)
{
    for (size_t i = 0; i < threads; ++i)
        workers.emplace_back(
            [this]
            {
                for (;;)
                {
                    std::function<void()> task;

                    {
                        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(this->queue_mutex);
                        this->condition.wait(lock,
                            [this]{ return this->stop || !this->tasks.empty(); });
                        if (this->stop && this->tasks.empty())
                            return;
                        task = std::move(this->tasks.front());
                        this->tasks.pop();
                    }

                    task();
                }
            });
}

// add new work item to the pool
template<class F, class... Args>
auto ThreadPool::enqueue(F&& f, Args&&... args)
    -> std::future<typename std::result_of<F(Args...)>::type>
{
    using return_type = typename std::result_of<F(Args...)>::type;

    auto task = std::make_shared< std::packaged_task<return_type()> >(
            std::bind(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...));

    std::future<return_type> res = task->get_future();
    {
        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex);

        // don't allow enqueueing after stopping the pool
        if (stop)
            throw std::runtime_error("enqueue on stopped ThreadPool");

        tasks.emplace([task](){ (*task)(); });
    }
    condition.notify_one();
    return res;
}

// the destructor joins all threads
inline ThreadPool::~ThreadPool()
{
    {
        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex);
        stop = true;
    }
    condition.notify_all();
    for (std::thread &worker : workers)
    {
        if (worker.joinable())
        {
            worker.join();
        }
    }
}

#endif

应用示例

// main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "ThreadPool.h"
using namespace std;

int func(int age)
{
    cout << "my age is " << age << endl;
    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    ThreadPool pool(5);

    sleep(2);

    // 返回结果
    vector<std::future<int>> results;

    results.emplace_back(pool.enqueue(func, 10));
    results.emplace_back(pool.enqueue(func, 20));
    results.emplace_back(pool.enqueue(func, 30));
    results.emplace_back(pool.enqueue(func, 40));
    results.emplace_back(pool.enqueue(func, 50));

    // 等待线程执行完成
    for (int i = 0; i < results.size(); ++i)
    {
        if (results[i].get() != 0)
        {
            cout << "exec failed!" << endl;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}