python 链表

pyhon 链表

#定义节点类
class ListNode(object):
    def __init__(self, data=0, next=None):
        self.data = data
        self.next = next

#将节点链接起来组成链表结构
head = None
for i in range(1,6):
    head = ListNode(i,head) 

#遍历链表
probe = head
while probe != None:
    print(probe.data)
    probe = probe.next

#搜索目标target
probe = head
while probe != None and probe.data != target:
    probe = probe.next
if probe is None:
    print("target not in the link")
else:
    print(probe.data)

#搜索目标第i个节点：假设链表的节点数为n, 0 <= i <= n-1
probe = head
while i > 0:
    probe = probe.next
    i -= 1
print(probe.data)  # 这里包含了i=0的情况

#插入---在开始处插入
head = ListNode(newItem,head)

#插入---在末尾处插入
newNode = ListNode(newItem)
if not head:
    head = newNode   #原链表为None时，直接指向新节点
else:
    probe = head
    while probe != None:
        probe = probe.next #执行完此处后，probe指向了最后一个节点
    probe.next = newNode   #原链表不为空时，最后一个节点指向新节点


#插入---在第i个位置插入(包含了开始和末尾)
if head is None or i <= 0:
    head = ListNode(newItem,head)   # 原链表为空或i<=0,可以理解为在开始处插入
head = probe
while index > 1  and probe.next != None:
    probe = probe.next   #循环执行完成，probe指向i-1或最后一个节点
    i -= 1
probe.next = ListNode(newItem,probe.next) #此处分两段来理解: 1、新节点指向了i或空，2、i-1节点指向了新节点

#删除（假设至少有一个节点）
#删除---在开始处删除 
head = head.next  

#删除---在末尾删除  
if head.next is None:
    head = None
else:
    probe = head
    while probe.next.next != None:
        probe = probe.next  # 循环执行完，probe指向了倒数第二个节点
    probe.next = None  # 倒数第二个节点指向None

#删除---在第i个位置删除 
if i <= 0 or head.next is None:
    head = head.next
else:
    probe = head
    while i > 1 and probe.next.next != None:
        probe = probe.next   #循环执行完，probe指向了i-1或倒数第二个节点
        i -= 1
    probe.next = probe.next.next


#前面默认都是从0开始，经常会遇到从1开始，那么添加哑节点吧
dummy = ListNode(0,head)  #结果返回 dummy.next