RPM软件包

RPM软件包

Redhat  Package  Manager   软件包管理  

windows     .exe

Linux		.rpm


软件包的含义 
ant-antunit-1.2-10.el7.noarch.rpm     

antlr-C++-2.7.7-30.el7.x86_64.rpm


ant-antunit			#软件包名称  

1.2					#软件的版本 

10					#软件包编译发布的次数 

el7					#适用于7系列的操作系统 

el6					#适用于6系列操作系统

noarch				#适用于任何cpu架构  

x86_64				#硬件平台  位数  

.rpm				#包的后缀名 


软件包的安装方式 
rpm包		预先编译好的，安装简单  		版本过低  

源码包		   手动编译，安装繁琐		   版本随意 

二进制包	   绿色软件 解压即用           无法修改源代码   



软件包的获取方式 
本地的ISO镜像     需要挂载使用 

联网下载  		

仓库获取 yum源  

rpm软件包管理工具

rpm命令   管理软件包   
选项：
	-i		#安装 
	
	-v		#显示安装的过程
	
	-h		#显示安装的进度条 	

	-ivh		#安装
	
	-Uvh		#升级
	
	-e			#卸载
	
	-q			#查询指定软件包 
	
	-qa			#查询所有已经安装的软件包
	
	-qi			#查询软件包本身相关信息
	
	-ql			#查询软件包列表信息
	
	-qc			#查询软件包相关文件
	
	-qf			#查询命令属于哪个软件包  必须是绝对路径  前提本地要已经存在这个软件包 
	


#挂载镜像 mount
[root@zzc ~]# ll /dev/sr0 
brw-rw---- 1 root cdrom 11, 0 Jul 27 16:29 /dev/sr0
[root@zzc ~]# ll /dev/cdrom 
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Jul 27 16:29 /dev/cdrom -> sr0
[root@zzc ~]# mount   /dev/sr0   /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@zzc ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3        98G  1.5G   97G   2% /
devtmpfs        980M     0  980M   0% /dev
tmpfs           991M     0  991M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           991M  9.6M  981M   1% /run
tmpfs           991M     0  991M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1       497M  120M  378M  25% /boot
tmpfs           199M     0  199M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0        4.3G  4.3G     0 100% /mnt

[root@zzc ~]# ll  /mnt/Packages/  | wc -l
4023


#安装

	-i		#安装 
	
	-v		#显示安装的过程
	
	-h		#显示安装的进度条 
	
[root@zzc ~]# rpm  -ivh  /mnt/Packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:tree-1.6.0-10.el7                ################################# [100%]


#删除 移除一个软件包
[root@zzc ~]# rpm  -e  tree


#rpm安装太需要依赖了，不会自动寻找依赖，需要手动下载依赖    不建议使用  

#安装httpd  报错
[root@zzc ~]# rpm  -ivh  /mnt/Packages/httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm 
error: Failed dependencies:
	/etc/mime.types is needed by httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64
	httpd-tools = 2.4.6-88.el7.centos is needed by httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64
	libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) is needed by httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64
	libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) is needed by httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64
	
#根据提示安装相关依赖  报错
[root@zzc ~]# rpm  -ivh  /mnt/Packages/httpd-tools-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm 
error: Failed dependencies:
	libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) is needed by httpd-tools-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64
	libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) is needed by httpd-tools-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64
	
#查找相关依赖包
[root@zzc ~]# ll  /mnt/Packages/  | grep  apr
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root   105728 Nov 29  2017 apr-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root   192652 Nov 29  2017 apr-devel-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root    94132 Jul  4  2014 apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root    78072 Jul  4  2014 apr-util-devel-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root   854420 Nov 12  2018 haproxy-1.5.18-8.el7.x86_64.rpm

#安装相关依赖
[root@zzc ~]# rpm -ivh  /mnt/Packages/apr-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:apr-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1              ################################# [100%]
[root@zzc ~]# rpm -ivh  /mnt/Packages/apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7             ################################# [100%]
   
#尝试安装httpd-tools
[root@zzc ~]# rpm  -ivh  /mnt/Packages/httpd-tools-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:httpd-tools-2.4.6-88.el7.centos  ################################# [100%]
   
#再次安装httpd  报错 
[root@zzc ~]# rpm  -ivh  /mnt/Packages/httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm 
error: Failed dependencies:
	/etc/mime.types is needed by httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64


#搜索相关文件的依赖包
[root@zzc ~]# yum  provides  /etc/mime.types
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * epel: fedora.cs.nctu.edu.tw
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch : Helper application and MIME type associations for file types
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Filename    : /etc/mime.types

#安装依赖包
[root@zzc ~]# rpm  -ivh  /mnt/Packages/mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm 
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7             ################################# [100%]
   
#最终安装成功 
[root@zzc ~]# rpm  -ivh  /mnt/Packages/httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos        ################################# [100%]
[root@zzc ~]# 



#联网安装软件包 
[root@zzc ~]# rpm  -ivh  https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.8.2003/os/x86_64/Packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
Retrieving https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.8.2003/os/x86_64/Packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:tree-1.6.0-10.el7                ################################# [100%]


#升级安装 

-U		#升级  

[root@zzc ~]# rpm  -ivh  https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/4.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-agent-4.0.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
Retrieving https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/4.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-agent-4.0.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.jseg5b: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID a14fe591: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:zabbix-agent-4.0.0-2.el7         ################################# [100%]

[root@zzc ~]# zabbix_agentd -V
zabbix_agentd