JAVA实现数学函数图像

JAVA实现数学函数图像

基础知识

在java.lang包中有个public final Math类,包含了基本的数字操作,如指数、对数、平方根和三角函数。

【Java的默认包是java.lang,即该包中的所有类不需要导包,不需要再写import,是默认导入的,其它包必须导入。Java就这么定义的,记住就可以了】。

  java.lang.Math类中包含E和PI两个静态常量,以及进行科学计算的类(static)方法,可以直接通过类名调用。

  public static final Double E = 2.7182818284590452354

  public static final Double PI = 3.14159265358979323846

  public static long abs(double x):传回 x 的绝对值。X也可int long float

  public static long sin(double x): 传回x径度的正弦函数值 

  public static long cos(double x):传回x径度的余弦函数值  

  public static long tan(double x): 传回x径度的正切函数值

  public static long asin(double x):传回x值的反正弦函数值。

  public static long acos(double x):传回x值的反余弦函数值。

  public static long atan(double x):传回x值的反正切函数值。

  public static long atan2(double x, double y):传回极坐标(polar)的θ值

  public static long floor(double x):传回不大于x的最大整数值

  public static long ceil(double x):传回不小于x的最小整数值。

  public static long exp(double x):传回相当于ex值

  public static long log(double x):传回x的自然对数函数值

  public static long max(double x,double y):传回x、y较大数

  public static long min(double x,double y):传回x、y较小数

  public static long pow(double x,double y):传回x的y次幂值

  public static long sqrt(double x): 传回x开平方值

  public static long rint(double x):传回最接近x的整数值

  public static long round(double x):传回x的四舍五入值

  public static long toDegrees(double angrad):传回将angrad径度转换成角度

  public static long toRadians(double angdeg): 传回将angdeg角度转换成径度

  public static long random():传回随机数值,产生一个0-1之间的随机数(不包括0和1)

关于 Java图形用户界面 可参见 https://blog.csdn.net/cnds123/article/details/113251233

下面给出多个示例代码,取自网络。

一、绘制sin函数图像

先看效果图

源码文件DrawSin.java内容如下:

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import javax.swing.JFrame;

public class DrawSin extends JFrame {
    private static int SCALE_X = 40; // X轴缩放倍数
    private static int SCALE_Y = 100; // Y轴缩放倍数
    private static int ORIGIN_X = 50; // 原点X 
    private static int ORIGIN_Y = 0; // 原点Y 
    private static int END_ARC = 360 * 2; // 画多长

    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        double ox = 0, oy = 0, x = 0, y = 0, arc = 0;
        super.paint(g);
        ORIGIN_Y = this.getHeight() / 2;

        // 画坐标轴
        g.drawLine(ORIGIN_X, ORIGIN_Y, this.getWidth(), ORIGIN_Y); // 横轴
        g.drawLine(ORIGIN_X, 0, ORIGIN_X, this.getHeight()); // 纵轴

        // 每90度画个标尺
        for (int i = 0; i < END_ARC; i += 90) {
            arc = Math.PI * i * 2 / 360;
            x = ORIGIN_X + arc * SCALE_X;
            g.drawLine((int) x, ORIGIN_Y - 10, (int) x, ORIGIN_Y + 10);
        }

        // 画正弦曲线
        g.setColor(Color.RED);
        for (int i = 0; i < END_ARC; i += 10) {
            arc = Math.PI * i * 2 / 360;
            x = ORIGIN_X + arc * SCALE_X;
            y = ORIGIN_Y + Math.sin(arc) * SCALE_Y;
            if (arc > 0) {
                g.drawLine((int) ox, (int) oy, (int) x, (int) y);
            }
            ox = x;
            oy = y;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DrawSin wnd = new DrawSin();
        wnd.setSize(600, 500);
        wnd.setVisible(true);
    }

}

二、画函数图像

先看效果图

源码文件DrawFn.java 内容如下:

import java.awt.Color; 
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.Graphics; 
import java.awt.Graphics2D; 
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; 
import java.awt.event.ActionListener; 
import java.awt.event.ItemEvent;
import java.awt.event.ItemListener;
import java.awt.geom.Line2D;
import java.awt.geom.Point2D;
import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.JButton; 
import javax.swing.JComboBox;
import javax.swing.JFrame; 
import javax.swing.JLabel; 
import javax.swing.JPanel; 
import javax.swing.JTextField; 
import javax.swing.border.LineBorder; 
 
public class DrawFn extends JFrame implements ItemListener{
    private JTextField txt_c;
    private JTextField txt_b;
    private JTextField txt_a;
    public JComboBox chooseFun;
    //draw_actionAdapter adapter;
    public int A;
    public drawFnPanel panel = new drawFnPanel(); 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DrawFn frame=new DrawFn();
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.setSize(800, 600);
        frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        frame.setVisible(true); 
        frame.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
        }
    public DrawFn() {
        super("画函数图像");
        final JLabel aLabel = new JLabel();
        aLabel.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        aLabel.setText("a=");
        aLabel.setBounds(650, 10, 21, 18); //设置位置,大小
        getContentPane().add(aLabel);
        txt_a = new JTextField();
        txt_a.setBounds(680, 8, 60, 18);
        getContentPane().add(txt_a);
        //
        final JLabel bLabel = new JLabel();
        bLabel.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        bLabel.setText("b="); 
        bLabel.setBounds(650, 30, 21, 18); 
        getContentPane().add(bLabel); 
        txt_b = new JTextField(); 
        txt_b.setBounds(680, 28, 60, 18); 
        getContentPane().add(txt_b);
        //
        final JLabel cLabel = new JLabel(); 
        cLabel.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        cLabel.setText("c="); 
        cLabel.setBounds(650, 50, 32, 18);
        getContentPane().add(cLabel);
        //this.setContentPane(cLabel); 
        txt_c = new JTextField(); 
        txt_c.setBounds(680, 48, 60, 18); 
        getContentPane().add(txt_c);
        //this.setContentPane(txt_c);
 
        //设置按钮
        final JButton button = new JButton(); 
        button.addActionListener(new draw_actionAdapter(this));//什么意思?
        button.setText("绘制"); 
        button.setBounds(680, 80, 60, 18); 
        getContentPane().add(button);
        //this.setContentPane(button);
        
        //定义下拉菜单
        final JLabel choose = new JLabel(); 
        choose.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        choose.setText("请选择函数类型:"); 
        choose.setBounds(20, 5, 120, 20);
        getContentPane().add(choose);
        JPanel jp1=new JPanel();
        String []fun={"ax^2+bx+c","ae^bx+c","a*sin(PIx+b)+c","a*b^x+c","a*x^b+c","敬请期待"};
        chooseFun=new JComboBox(fun);
        chooseFun.setBounds(20, 30, 120, 20);
        jp1.add(chooseFun);
        chooseFun.setMaximumRowCount(3);
        getContentPane().add(chooseFun);
        
        chooseFun.addItemListener(this);
        getContentPane().add(panel);
        //this.setContentPane(panel);
        
    }
    public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) {
        if(e.getStateChange()==e.SELECTED)
        {
            A=chooseFun.getSelectedIndex();
            //System.out.println(A);
        }
    }
    
        public void paintFn(ActionEvent e){
        panel.paintFn(Integer.parseInt(txt_a.getText()), Integer.parseInt(txt_b.getText()), Integer.parseInt(txt_c.getText()));
    }
    
    class draw_actionAdapter implements ActionListener{ 
        private DrawFn adapter; 
        public draw_actionAdapter(DrawFn adapter){ 
            this.adapter=adapter; 
            } 
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
            //adapter.getA(e);
            adapter.paintFn(e);
            adapter.repaint();
            }
        } 
    class drawFnPanel extends JPanel{
        private float fa; 
        private float fb; 
        private float fc;
        private int UnitLength=100;//可以任意改变该像素值
        public void paintFn(int a,int b,int c){
            fa=a;
            fb=b; 
            fc=c; 
        }
        
        public double Fun(double x){
            //System.out.println("A="+DrawFn.A);
            if(A==0)
                return fa*x*x+fb*x+fc;
            else if(A==1)
                return fa*Math.pow(Math.E, fb*x)+fc ;//这里可以输入任何函数
            else if(A==2)
                return fa*Math.sin(Math.PI*x+fb)+fc;
            else if(A==3)
                return fa*Math.pow(fb, x)+fc;
            else if(A==4)
                return fa*Math.pow(x,fb)+fc;
            else
                return 0;
        }
         int width,height;
         int X,Y;
         //重载paintComponent函数
        public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
        {
            g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
            width = this.getWidth();//获得宽度
            height = this.getHeight();//获得高度
            X=width/2;
            Y=height/2;//获得原点坐标
            this.drawAxes(g);
            this.function(g);
        }
        //画坐标轴
        private void drawAxes(Graphics g)
        {
            g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
            g.drawLine(0, Y, width, Y);
            g.drawLine(X, 0, X, height);
            g.drawString("0",X + 2,Y +12); //画原点数字
            for(int i=1;i*UnitLength<width;i++)
            {
                g.drawLine(X+i*UnitLength,Y-1,X+i*UnitLength,Y-6);//画X轴正向的小竖线
                g.drawLine(X - i*UnitLength, Y-1, X - i*UnitLength, Y-6);//画X轴负向的小竖线
                g.drawString(String.valueOf(i), X + i*UnitLength-3, Y + 12);  // x轴正向数字
                g.drawString(String.valueOf(i*-1), X - i*UnitLength-3, Y + 12);  // x轴负向数字
                //画Y轴
                g.drawLine(X+1,Y+i*UnitLength,X+6,Y+i*UnitLength);
                g.drawLine(X+1,Y-i*UnitLength,X+6,Y-i*UnitLength);
                g.drawString(String.valueOf(i), X-12, Y - i*UnitLength-3);
                g.drawString(String.valueOf(i*-1), X-12, Y + i*UnitLength-3);
            }
        }
        //实现任意函数函数图像
        public void function(Graphics g1)
        {
            Point2D temp1,temp2;
            double x,y;//我们看到的坐标值
            Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D)g1;
            g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
            x = -1.0*X/UnitLength;
            //temp1返回面板的实际坐标值(以像素为单位)
            y = Fun(x);
            temp1 = new Point2D.Double(this.alterX(x * UnitLength), this.alterY(y * UnitLength));
            for(int i = 0 ; i < width; i++){
                x =x + 1.0/UnitLength;//前进一个像素
                y = Fun(x);
                if ( Math.abs(y) < Y){
                temp2 = new Point2D.Double(this.alterX(x * UnitLength), this.alterY(y * UnitLength));
                g.draw(new Line2D.Double(temp1, temp2));
                temp1 = temp2;
                }
            }
            //repaint();
        }
          //新坐标对应的原坐标
        private double alterX(double x){
            return  x + X;
        }
        private double alterY(double y){
            return -1 *( y - Y);
        }
    } 
}

三、平面直角坐标系函数图像

源码文件UI.java和MyPanel.java组成

效果图如下:

提示:“输入函数”功能尚未实现!

源码文件UI.java 内容如下

package math;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JComboBox;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
public class UI extends JFrame
{
    MyPanel mp;
    JPanel pl = new JPanel();
    JPanel pl1 = new JPanel(),
    pl2 = new JPanel(),
    pl3 = new JPanel(),
    pl4 = new JPanel();
    JRadioButton rb1,rb2;
    ButtonGroup bg = new ButtonGroup();
    JTextField tf = new JTextField(16);
    String[] s = {"y = sin(x)", "y = cos(x)", "y = tan(x)",
    "y = pow(x, 2)", "y = pow(x, 3)", "y = log(x)",
    "y = pow(2, x)", "y = sqrt(x)", "r = a(sita)"};
    JComboBox cb;
    JButton bn1 = new JButton("变宽"),
    bn2 = new JButton("变窄"),
    bn3 = new JButton("拉长"),
    bn4 = new JButton("压短"),
    bn = new JButton("绘图"),
    exit = new JButton("退出"),
    bn5 = new JButton("左移"),
    bn6 = new JButton("右移"),
    bn7 = new JButton("上移"),
    bn8 = new JButton("下移");
    public UI()
    {
        mp = new MyPanel(this);
        pl1.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 2));
        pl2.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 2));
        pl3.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 2));
        pl4.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 2));
        pl1.add(bn1); bn1.setEnabled(false);
        pl1.add(bn2); bn2.setEnabled(false);
        pl2.add(bn3); bn3.setEnabled(false);
        pl2.add(bn4); bn4.setEnabled(false);
        pl3.add(bn5); bn5.setEnabled(false);
        pl3.add(bn6); bn6.setEnabled(false);
        pl4.add(bn7); bn7.setEnabled(false);
        pl4.add(bn8); bn8.setEnabled(false);
        pl.setLayout(new GridLayout(20, 1));
        rb1 = new JRadioButton("输入函数");
        rb2 = new JRadioButton("选择已有函数");
        rb2.setSelected(true);
        tf.setEnabled(false);
        bg.add(rb1); 
        bg.add(rb2);
        rb1.addActionListener(mp);
        rb2.addActionListener(mp);
        pl.add(rb1);
        pl.add(tf);
        pl.add(rb2);
        cb = new JComboBox(s);
        pl.add(cb);
        pl.add(new JLabel());
        pl.add(pl1); pl.add(pl2);
        pl.add(pl3); pl.add(pl4);
        pl.add(bn);
        pl.add(exit);
        bn1.addActionListener(mp);
        bn2.addActionListener(mp);
        bn3.addActionListener(mp);
        bn4.addActionListener(mp);
        bn5.addActionListener(mp);
        bn6.addActionListener(mp);
        bn7.addActionListener(mp);
        bn8.addActionListener(mp);
        bn.addActionListener(mp);
        exit.addActionListener(mp);
        this.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        this.add(mp, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        this.add(pl, BorderLayout.EAST);
        this.setTitle("平面直角坐标系函数图像");
        this.setSize(797, 600 + 37);
        Dimension dn = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
        this.setLocation((dn.width - 797) / 2, (dn.height - 637) / 2);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(3);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        new UI();
    }
}

 源码文件MyPanel.java 内容如下

package math;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Point;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D;
import java.awt.geom.Line2D;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
public class MyPanel extends JPanel implements ActionListener,MouseMotionListener
{
    UI ui;
    int flag;
    double h_times;
    int w_times;
    int dx;
    int dy;
    String str;
    Point pt = new Point(0, 0);
    void init()
    {
        flag = -1;
        h_times = Math.PI / 100;
        w_times = 100;
        dx = 300;
        dy = 300;
    }
    public MyPanel(UI ui)
    {
        this.addMouseMotionListener(this);
        init();
        this.ui = ui;
    }
    public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
    {
        super.paintComponent(g);
        Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g;
        drawCoordinate(g2);
        Line2D line;
        g2.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g2.drawString("(" + (pt.x - 300) + ", " + (300 - pt.y) + ")", pt.x + 20, pt.y + 20);
        switch(flag)
        {
            case 0:
                g2.drawString("y = Asin(Bx + C) + D", 105, 60);
                for(double i = 0; i < 600; i += 0.01)
                {
                    line = new Line2D.Double(i, dy - Math.sin(getReal_X(i)) * w_times, i + 1, dy - Math.sin(getReal_X(i + 1)) * w_times);
                    g2.draw(line);
                }
                break;
            case 1:
                g2.drawString("y = Acos(Bx + C) + D", 105, 60);
                for(double i = 0; i < 600; i += 0.01)
                {
                    line = new Line2D.Double(i, dy - Math.cos(getReal_X(i)) * w_times, i + 1, dy - Math.cos(getReal_X(i + 1)) * w_times);
                    g2.draw(line);
                }
                break;
            case 2:
                g2.drawString("y = Atan(Bx + C) + D", 105, 60);
                for(double i = 0; i < 600; i += 0.01)
                {
                    line = new Line2D.Double(i, dy - Math.tan(getReal_X(i)) * w_times, i + 1, dy - Math.tan(getReal_X(i + 1)) * w_times);
                    g2.draw(line);
                }
                break;
            case 3:
                g2.drawString("y = Apow(Bx + C, 2) + D", 105, 60);
                for(double i = 0; i < 600; i += 0.01)
                {
                    line = new Line2D.Double(i, dy - Math.pow(getReal_X(i), 2) * w_times, i + 1, dy - Math.pow(getReal_X(i + 1), 2) * w_times);
                    g2.draw(line);
                }
                break;
            case 4:
                g2.drawString("y = Apow(Bx + C, 3) + D", 105, 60);
                for(double i = 0; i < 600; i += 0.01)
                {
                    line = new Line2D.Double(i, dy - Math.pow(getReal_X(i), 3) * w_times, i + 1, dy - Math.pow(getReal_X(i + 1), 3) * w_times);
                    g2.draw(line);
                }
                break;
            case 5:
                g2.drawString("y = Alog(Bx + C) + D", 105, 60);
                for(double i = 0; i < 600; i += 0.01)
                {
                    line = new Line2D.Double(i, dy - Math.log(getReal_X(i)) * w_times, i + 1, dy - Math.log(getReal_X(i + 1)) * w_times);
                    g2.draw(line);
                }
                break;
            case 6:
                g2.drawString("y = Apow(2, Bx + C) + D", 105, 60);
                for(double i = 0; i < 600; i += 0.01)
                {
                    line = new Line2D.Double(i, dy - Math.pow(2, getReal_X(i)) * w_times, i + 1, dy - Math.pow(2, getReal_X(i + 1)) * w_times);
                    g2.draw(line);
                }
                break;
            case 7:
                g2.drawString("y = Asqrt(Bx + C) + D", 105, 60);
                for(double i = 0; i < 600; i += 0.01)
                {
                    line = new Line2D.Double(i, dy - Math.sqrt(getReal_X(i)) * w_times, i + 1, dy - Math.sqrt(getReal_X(i + 1)) * w_times);
                    g2.draw(line);
                }
                break;
            case 8:
                g2.drawString("y = a(sita)", 105, 60);
                for(double i = 0; i < 600; i += 0.01)
                {
                    line = new Line2D.Double(getReal_X(i) * Math.cos(getReal_X(i)), dy - getReal_X(i) * Math.sin(getReal_X(i)) * w_times, getReal_X(i) * Math.cos(getReal_X(i + 1)), dy - getReal_X(i) * Math.sin(getReal_X(i + 1)) * w_times);
                    g2.draw(line);
                }
                break;
        }
        if(flag != -1)
        {
            g2.drawString("A = " + w_times, 105, 90);
            g2.drawString("B= " + h_times, 105, 120);
            g2.drawString("C= " + (300 - dx), 105, 150);
            g2.drawString("D= " + (300 - dy), 105, 180);
        }
    }
    private double getReal_X(double x)
    {
        return (x - dx) * h_times;
    }
    private void drawCoordinate(Graphics2D g2)
    {
        int len = 20;
        Line2D line;
        for(int i = 0; i <= 600 / len; i++)
        {
            g2.setColor(Color.PINK.darker());
            if(i == 300 / len)
                g2.setColor(Color.RED);
            else;
            line = new Line2D.Double(0, i * len, 600, i * len);
            g2.draw(line);
            line = new Line2D.Double(i * len, 0, i * len, 600);
            g2.draw(line);
        }
        drawPoint(g2, 300, 300);
    }
    private void drawPoint(Graphics2D g2, double x, double y)
    {
        g2.setColor(Color.YELLOW);
        Ellipse2D circle = new Ellipse2D.Double(x - 2, y - 2, 4, 4);
        g2.fill(circle);
    }
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
    {
        if(e.getSource() == ui.rb1)
        {
            ui.tf.setEnabled(true);
            ui.cb.setEnabled(false);
            flag = -1;
        }
        if(e.getSource() == ui.rb2)
        {
            ui.tf.setEnabled(false);
            ui.cb.setEnabled(true);
        }
        if(e.getSource() == ui.bn1)
        {
            h_times /= 1.1;
        }
        if(e.getSource() == ui.bn2)
        {
            h_times *= 1.1;
        }
        if(e.getSource() == ui.bn3)
        {
            //   ui.bn4.setEnabled(true);
            w_times += 10;
            //   if(w_times >= 300)
            //   ui.bn3.setEnabled(false);
        }
        if(e.getSource() == ui.bn4)
        {
            //   ui.bn3.setEnabled(true);
            w_times -= 10;
            //   if(w_times <= 0)
            //   ui.bn4.setEnabled(false);
        }
        if(e.getSource() == ui.bn5)
        {
            dx -= 10;
        }
        if(e.getSource() == ui.bn6)
        {
            dx += 10;
        }
        if(e.getSource() == ui.bn7)
        {
            //   ui.bn8.setEnabled(true);
            dy -= 10;
            //   if(dy <= 0)
            //   ui.bn7.setEnabled(false);
        }
        if(e.getSource() == ui.bn8)
        {
            //   ui.bn7.setEnabled(true);
            dy += 10;
            //   if(dy >= 600)
            //   ui.bn8.setEnabled(false);
        }
        if(e.getSource() == ui.bn)
        {
            if(ui.tf.isEnabled() == true)
            {
                str = ui.tf.getText();
                if(str == null || str.length() == 0)
                {
                    ui.bn1.setEnabled(false);
                    ui.bn2.setEnabled(false);
                    ui.bn3.setEnabled(false);
                    ui.bn4.setEnabled(false);
                    ui.bn5.setEnabled(false);
                    ui.bn6.setEnabled(false);
                    ui.bn7.setEnabled(false);
                    ui.bn8.setEnabled(false);
                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "请输入函数表达式 !");
                    return;
                }else
                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "本功能尚未实现 !");
            }else 
                flag = -2;
            ui.bn1.setEnabled(true);
            ui.bn2.setEnabled(true);
            ui.bn3.setEnabled(true);
            ui.bn4.setEnabled(true);
            ui.bn5.setEnabled(true);
            ui.bn6.setEnabled(true);
            ui.bn7.setEnabled(true);
            ui.bn8.setEnabled(true);
            init();
            if(ui.cb.isEnabled() == true)
            {
                flag = ui.cb.getSelectedIndex();
            }
        }
        if(e.getSource() == ui.exit)
            System.exit(0);
        repaint();
    }
    public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent arg0)
    {
    }
    public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e)
    {
        pt = e.getPoint();
        repaint();
    }
}

OK! 

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