注:笔记来自于视频尚硅谷Web前端Promise教程从入门到精通
注:如果是初学仅需要学会Promise的基本使用即可,不要陷入要自己实现手写Promise中。
Promise的理解和使用
Promise是什么
- Promise是一门新的技术,ES6技术规范。
- Promise是JavaScript进行异步编程的新解决方案。旧方案是单纯使用回调函数。
- 从语法上来说,Promise是一个构造函数。
- 从功能上来说,promise对象用来封装一个异步操作并可以获取其成功和失败的结果值。
JavaScript中常见的异步编程场景有:
- fs模块文件操作:
require('fs').readFile('./test.txt', (err,data)=>{});
- 数据库操作
- Ajax:
$.get('/server', (data)=>{});
- 定时器:
setTimeout(()=>{}, 2000);
Promise的出现解决了回调地狱的问题:
// 所谓的回调地狱就是在回调函数中不断嵌套回调函数
asyncFunc1(opt, function (args1) {
asyncFunc2(opt, function (args2) {
asyncFunc3(opt, function (args3) {
asyncFunc4(opt, function (args4) {
// ...
})
})
})
});
Promise的语法格式如下:
var promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
// resolve和reject两个都是函数类型的参数
// 当成功时调用resolve()函数
// 当失败时调用reject()函数
if (/*异步操作成功*/){
resolve([成功参数列表]);
} else {
reject([失败参数列表]);
}
});
promise.then(function ([成功参数列表]) {
// 当执行成功时调用的方法,即resolve
}, function ([失败参数列表]) {
// 当执行失败时调用的方法,即reject
});
案例
获取随机数来打印字符串
使用异步编程实现,如下:
setTimeout(function () {
var random = Math.ceil(Math.random() * 10);
// 如果随机数大于5则直接输出随机数的值;如果随机数小于等于5则循环打印"hello world"
if (random > 5) {
console.log("random = " + random);
} else {
for (var i = 0; i < random; i++) {
console.log("hello world");
}
}
}, 3000);
在一个setTimeout()
函数中又嵌套了另外一个setTimeout()
函数,都是异步操作。如果改成使用Promise来实现,则代码如下:
var promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
setTimeout(function () {
// 获取一位随机数
var random = Math.ceil(Math.random() * 10);
if (random > 5) {
// 当随机数大于5时,我们设定为异步操作成功了
// 调用resolve()函数,并且传入一个参数
resolve(random);
} else {
// 当随机数小于等于5时,我们设定为异步操作失败了
// 调用reject()函数,并且传入一个对象参数
reject({random: random, text: "hello world"});
}
}, 100)
});
promise.then(function (random) {
// 当异步操作成功时执行的函数,即resolve()
console.log("random = " + random);
}, function (obj) {
// 当异步操作失败时执行的函数,即reject()
for (var i = 0; i < obj.random; i++) {
console.log(obj.text);
}
});
文件读取
使用fs
模块的readFile()
方法读取文件内容,用回调函数方式实现如下:
var fs = require('fs');
// 文件读取操作readFile()函数是一个异步操作
fs.readFile('./text.txt', function (err, data) {
if (err) {
// 如果文件读取发生错误,则打印错误对象
console.log(err);
} else {
// 如果文件读取成功,则打印文件内容
console.log(data.toString())
}
});
使用Promise进行改写,代码如下:
var fs = require('fs');
// 文件读取操作readFile()函数是一个异步操作
var promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
fs.readFile('./text.txt', function (err, data) {
if (err) {
// 如果文件读取失败,则调用reject函数
reject(err);
} else {
// 如果文件读取成功,则调用resolve函数
resolve(data.toString());
}
});
});
promise.then(function (content) {
// 当异步操作成功调用的函数,即resolve
console.log(content.toUpperCase());
}, function (err) {
// 当异步操作失败调用的函数,即reject
console.log(err)
});
原生Ajax
使用原生Ajax来发送一个GET请求,代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
// 1.创建对象
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
// 2.初始化
xhr.open('GET', 'http://poetry.apiopen.top/sentences ');
// 3.发送
xhr.send();
// 4.处理响应结果
xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (xhr.readyState === 4) {
// 判断响应状态码 2xx
if (xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300) {
// 控制台输出响应体
console.log(xhr.response)
} else {
console.log(xhr.status)
}
}
};
</script>
</body>
</html>
使用Promise改写后,代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
// 1.创建对象
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
// 2.初始化
xhr.open('GET', 'http://poetry.apiopen.top/sentences ');
// 3.发送
xhr.send();
// 4.处理响应结果
xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (xhr.readyState === 4) {
// 判断响应状态码 2xx
if (xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300) {
// 当响应成功则调用resolve函数
resolve(xhr.response);
} else {
// 当响应失败则调用reject函数
reject(xhr.status)
}
}
};
});
promise.then(function (response) {
// 当异步操作成功后调用的方法,即resolve
console.log(response);
}, function (reason) {
// 当异步操作失败后调用的方法,即reject
console.log(reason);
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Promise封装fs模块读取操作
使用Promise封装fs模块读取文件的操作,代码如下:
/**
* 封装一个函数来读取文件内容
* @param path 文件内容
* @returns {Promise<any>} Promise对象
*/
function readFile(path) {
return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
var fs = require('fs');
fs.readFile(path, function (err, data) {
if (!err) {
resolve(data.toString());
} else {
reject(err);
}
});
});
}
// 调用函数
readFile('./text.txt')
.then(function (data) {
console.log(data);
}, function (err) {
console.log(err);
});
Promise封装Ajax操作
使用Promise封装Ajax的GET请求,代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
/**
* 封装一个Ajax操作
* @param method 请求方式GET或POST
* @param url 请求路径
* @returns {Promise<any>} Promise对象
*/
function ajax(method, url) {
return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
// 1.创建对象
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
// 2.初始化
xhr.open(method, url);
// 3.发送
xhr.send();
// 4.处理响应结果
xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (xhr.readyState === 4) {
// 判断响应状态码 2xx
if (xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300) {
// 当响应成功则调用resolve函数
resolve(xhr.response);
} else {
// 当响应失败则调用reject函数
reject(xhr.status)
}
}
};
})
}
// 发送Ajax请求
ajax('GET', 'http://poetry.apiopen.top/sentences')
.then(function (response) {
// 当异步操作成功后调用的方法,即resolve
console.log(response);
}, function (reason) {
// 当异步操作失败后调用的方法,即reject
console.log(reason);
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Promise的状态
Promise只会发生两种改变:
- pending状态变成resolved状态
- pending状态变成rejected状态
只有这两种,且一个Promise对象只能改变一次,无论变成成功还是失败,都会有一个结果数据,成功的结果数据一般称为value,失败的结果数据一般称为reason。注意:value和reason只是形参的名字,可自定义。
promise实例对象中的一个属性state表示Promise的状态,它有三个值:
- pending:表示未决定成功还是失败的状态。
- resolved(或fullfilled):表示成功的状态。
- rejected:表示失败的状态。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
// pending状态
var promise1 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
// 既不调用resolve又不调用reject则是pending状态
});
console.log(promise1);
// resolved(fullfilled)状态
var promise2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
// 调用resolve变成resoled状态
resolve('Success');
});
console.log(promise2);
// rejected状态
var promise3 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
// 调用reject变成rejected状态
reject('Error');
});
console.log(promise3);
</script>
</body>
</html>
Promise的基本流程
如何使用Promise?
Promise的API
1、Promise构造函数:Promise(excutor){}
- executor是一个函数,表示执行器。即
function(resolve, reject) {}
。 - resolve是一个回调函数,当在Promise中成功时则调用该函数。
- reject也是一个回调函数,当在Promise中失败时调用该函数。
注:executor会在Promise内部立即同步调用,异步操作在执行器中执行。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*
new Promise(excutor); 构造函数,返回一个Promise对象
*/
var promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
// 当成功时调用resolve函数
// 当失败时调用reject函数
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
2、Promise.prototype.then方法:promise.then(onResolved, onRejected)
- onResolved函数,即成功时的回调函数。即
function(value){}
。 - onRejected函数,即失败时的回调函数。即
function(reason){}
。
注:指定用于得到成功value的成功回调和用于得到失败reason的失败回调,返回一个新的Promise对象。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
// 当成功时调用resolve函数
// 当失败时调用reject函数
});
// 返回一个新的Promise对象
var newPromise = promise.then(function (value) {
// 成功的回调函数,即resolve
}, function (reason) {
// 失败的回调函数,即reject
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
4、Promise.prototype.catch方法:promise.catch(onRejected)
- onRejected函数:失败的回调函数,即
function(reason){}
。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var promise1 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
// 修改promise对象的状态
reject('Error');
});
promise1.catch(function (reason) {
// catch只有在失败状态时才会调用
console.log(reason);
});
var promise2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
// 修改promise对象的状态。当修改为成功的状态则不会调用catch的回调函数
resolve('Success');
});
promise2.catch(function (reason) {
// 因为Promise对象是成功状态,该catch内的回调函数不会被调用
console.log(reason);
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
4、Promise.resolve方法
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
// 如果传入的参数是非Promise类型的对象,则返回的结果为成功的Promise对象
var promise1 = Promise.resolve(123);
console.log(promise1);
// 如果传入的参数是一个Promise对象,则参数的结果决定了resolve的结果
var promise2 = Promise.resolve(new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
resolve('Success');// 成功的结果
}));
console.log(promise2);
var promise3 = Promise.resolve(new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
reject('Fail');// 失败的结果
}));
console.log(promise3);
</script>
</body>
</html>
5、Promise.reject方法
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
// 如果传入的参数是非Promise类型的对象,则返回的结果为失败的Promise对象
var promise1 = Promise.reject(123);
console.log(promise1);
// 如果传入的参数是一个Promise对象,则无论参数的结果是成功还是失败都永远返回一个失败的Promise对象
var promise2 = Promise.reject(new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
resolve('Success');// 成功的结果
}));
console.log(promise2);
var promise3 = Promise.reject(new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
reject('Fail');// 失败的结果
}));
console.log(promise3);
</script>
</body>
</html>
6、Promise.all方法
- 该方法传入的参数是一个包含n个Promise对象的数组;该方法返回一个新的Promise对象,只有所有的Promise都成功才表示成功,只要有一个失败了就直接失败。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var p1 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
resolve('OK');
});
console.log(p1);
var p2 = Promise.resolve('123');
console.log(p2);
var p3 = Promise.resolve(new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
resolve('Success');
}));
console.log(p3);
// 只有p1、p2和p3都返回成功的结果时才成功
var result1 = Promise.all([p1, p2, p3]);
console.log(result1);
var p4 = Promise.reject('Error');
console.log(p4);
var result2 = Promise.all([p1, p3, p4]);
console.log(result2);
</script>
</body>
</html>
7、Promise.race方法
- 该方法传入的参数是包含n个promise对象的数组;该方法的返回值是一个新的Promise对象,第一个完成的promise的结果状态就是最终的结果状态。但并不是数组中的第一个的结果状态,如果第一个promise中有延时操作,那么后面第一个完成的就是最终的结果状态。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var p1 = Promise.resolve('OK');
var p2 = Promise.reject('ERROR');
var p3 = Promise.resolve('SUCCESS');
var promise1 = Promise.race([p1, p2, p3]);
console.log(promise1);
var promise2 = Promise.race([p2, p3]);
console.log(promise2);
</script>
</body>
</html>
Promise的关键问题
如何改变pormise的状态
有三种方式可以改变promise的状态:
resolve(value)
:如果当前是pending状态,则会变成resolved状态。reject(reason)
:如果当前是pending状态,则变成rejected状态。throw 异常
:使用throws关键字抛出异常,如果当前是pending状态则会变成rejected状态。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var p1 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
// 1.使用resolve函数
resolve('OK');
});
console.log(p1);
var p2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
// 2.使用reject函数
reject('ERROR');
});
console.log(p2);
var p3 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
// 3.抛出异常
throw '出错了';
});
console.log(p3);
</script>
</body>
</html>
一个promise指定多个成功/失败回调函数都会调用吗
当promise改变为对应状态时都会调用。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
resolve('OK');
});
promise.then(function (value) {
console.log(value);
});
promise.then(function (value) {
alert(value);
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
改变promise状态和指定回调函数谁先谁后
都有可能,正常情况下是先指定回调再改变状态,但也可以改变状态再指定回调。
- 如何先改变状态再指定回调:在执行器中直接调用
resolve()
或reject()
;或者使用setTimeout()
延迟更长时间才调用then()
。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
// 同步任务,会先改变状态再执行回调
var promise1 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
resolve('OK');
});
promise1.then(function (value) {
console.log(value);
}, function (reason) {
console.log(reason);
});
// 异步任务,会先执行回调再改变状态
var promise2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
setTimeout(function () {
resolve('OK');
}, 1000);
});
promise2.then(function (value) {
console.log(value);
}, function (reason) {
console.log(reason);
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
注:如果先指定的回调,那当状态发生改变时,回调函数就会调用然后得到数据;如果先改变状态,那当指定回调时,回调函数就会调用然后得到数据。
promise.then()
返回的新promise的结果状态由什么决定
由then()指定的回调函数执行的结果决定返回的新promise的结果状态。
- 如果抛出异常,则新promise变成rejected,reason则为抛出的异常。
- 如果返回的是非promise对象的任意值,则新promise变成resolved,value为返回的值。
- 如果返回的是一个新的promise对象,则此promise结果就会变成新promise的结果。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
resolve('OK');
});
var result = promise.then(function (value) {
console.log(value);
// 1.抛出异常
// throw '出错啦!';
// 2.返回结果是非promise对象的任意值
// return '123';
// 3.返回结果是promise对象
return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
// resolve('ok');
reject('error');
})
}, function (reason) {
console.log(reason);
});
console.log(result);
</script>
</body>
</html>
promise如何串联多个操作任务
promise的then()返回一个新的promise对象,可以连接成then()的链式调用。通过then的链式调用来串连多个同步或异步任务。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
setTimeout(function () {
resolve('OK');
}, 1000);
});
promise.then(function (value) {
console.log(value);// OK
return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
resolve('success');
});
}).then(function (value) {
console.log(value);// success
}).then(function (value) {
console.log(value);// undefined
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
promise的异常穿透
当使用promise的then链式调用时,可以在最后指定失败的回调,前面任何操作出现了异常,都会传到最后失败的回调中处理,而不需要有一个回调就处理一次异常。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
setTimeout(function () {
reject('ERROR');
}, 1000);
});
promise.then(function (value) {
console.log(111);
}).then(function (value) {
console.log(222);
throw '失败啦!';
}).then(function (value) {
console.log(333);
}).catch(function (reason) {
console.log(reason);
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
中断promise链式调用
所谓中断链式调用,即当使用promise的then链式调用时,在中间中断,就不再调用后面的回调函数。如果想要中断链式调用只需要在回调函数中返回一个pendding状态的promise对象,即return new Promise(() => {});
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
setTimeout(function () {
resolve('OK');
}, 1000);
});
promise.then(function (value) {
console.log(111);
}).then(function (value) {
console.log(222);
// 中断链式调用,有且只有这个方法
return new Promise(() => {});
}).then(function (value) {
console.log(333);
}).catch(function (reason) {
console.log(reason);
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
手写Promise
注:手写Promise属于JavaScript高级应用,不是现阶段可以掌握的,所以下面只是提供了每一步的代码,并没有笔记。如果仅是初步学习Promise的使用,不用太过于在意如何手写实现。对于每一步代码的实现可以去看视频,讲解得很清晰。Promise自定义封装
初始结构搭建
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Promise-封装 | 1 - 初始结构搭建</title>
<script src="./promise.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script>
let p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve('OK');
});
p.then(value => {
console.log(value);
}, reason=>{
console.warn(reason);
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
promise.js
function Promise(executor){
}
//添加 then 方法
Promise.prototype.then = function(onResolved, onRejected){
}
resolve与reject结构搭建
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Promise-封装 | 2 - resolve 与 reject </title>
<script src="./promise.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script>
let p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve('OK');
});
p.then(value => {
console.log(value);
}, reason=>{
console.warn(reason);
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
promise.js
//声明构造函数
function Promise(executor){
//resolve 函数
function resolve(data){
}
//reject 函数
function reject(data){
}
//同步调用『执行器函数』
executor(resolve, reject);
}
//添加 then 方法
Promise.prototype.then = function(onResolved, onRejected){
}
resolve与reject函数实现
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Promise-封装 | 2 - resolve 与 reject </title>
<script src="./promise.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script>
let p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
// resolve('OK');
reject("error");
});
console.log(p);
// p.then(value => {
// console.log(value);
// }, reason=>{
// console.warn(reason);
// })
</script>
</body>
</html>
promise.js
//声明构造函数
function Promise(executor){
//添加属性
this.PromiseState = 'pending';
this.PromiseResult = null;
//保存实例对象的 this 的值
const self = this;// self _this that
//resolve 函数
function resolve(data){
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'fulfilled';// resolved
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
}
//reject 函数
function reject(data){
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'rejected';//
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
}
//同步调用『执行器函数』
executor(resolve, reject);
}
//添加 then 方法
Promise.prototype.then = function(onResolved, onRejected){
}
throw抛出错误改变状态
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Promise-封装 | 4 - throw 抛出异常改变状态 </title>
<!-- <script src="./promise.js"></script> -->
</head>
<body>
<script>
let p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
// resolve('OK');
// reject("error");
//抛出异常
throw "error";
});
console.log(p);
// p.then(value => {
// console.log(value);
// }, reason=>{
// console.warn(reason);
// })
</script>
</body>
</html>
promise.js
//声明构造函数
function Promise(executor){
//添加属性
this.PromiseState = 'pending';
this.PromiseResult = null;
//保存实例对象的 this 的值
const self = this;// self _this that
//resolve 函数
function resolve(data){
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'fulfilled';// resolved
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
}
//reject 函数
function reject(data){
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'rejected';//
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
}
try{
//同步调用『执行器函数』
executor(resolve, reject);
}catch(e){
//修改 promise 对象状态为『失败』
reject(e);
}
}
//添加 then 方法
Promise.prototype.then = function(onResolved, onRejected){
}
状态只能修改一次
在Promise中再执行resolve或者reject改变状态不会成功,让其状态只能改变一次。
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Promise-封装 | 5 - 状态只能修改一次 </title>
<script src="./promise.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script>
let p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
reject("error");
resolve('OK');
//抛出异常
// throw "error";
});
console.log(p);
</script>
</body>
</html>
promise.js
//声明构造函数
function Promise(executor){
//添加属性
this.PromiseState = 'pending';
this.PromiseResult = null;
//保存实例对象的 this 的值
const self = this;// self _this that
//resolve 函数
function resolve(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'fulfilled';// resolved
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
}
//reject 函数
function reject(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'rejected';//
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
}
try{
//同步调用『执行器函数』
executor(resolve, reject);
}catch(e){
//修改 promise 对象状态为『失败』
reject(e);
}
}
//添加 then 方法
Promise.prototype.then = function(onResolved, onRejected){
}
then方法执行回调
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Promise-封装 | 6 - then 方法执行回调 </title>
<script src="./promise.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script>
//实例化对象
let p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
// resolve('OK');
// reject("Error");
throw "ERROR";
});a
p.then(value => {
console.log(value);
}, reason=>{
console.warn(reason);
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
promise.js
//声明构造函数
function Promise(executor){
//添加属性
this.PromiseState = 'pending';
this.PromiseResult = null;
//保存实例对象的 this 的值
const self = this;// self _this that
//resolve 函数
function resolve(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'fulfilled';// resolved
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
}
//reject 函数
function reject(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'rejected';//
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
}
try{
//同步调用『执行器函数』
executor(resolve, reject);
}catch(e){
//修改 promise 对象状态为『失败』
reject(e);
}
}
//添加 then 方法
Promise.prototype.then = function(onResolved, onRejected){
//调用回调函数 PromiseState
if(this.PromiseState === 'fulfilled'){
onResolved(this.PromiseResult);
}
if(this.PromiseState === 'rejected'){
onRejected(this.PromiseResult);
}
}
异步任务then方法执行回调
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Promise-封装 | 7 - 异步任务 then 方法实现 </title>
<script src="./promise.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script>
//实例化对象
let p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
// resolve('OK');
reject("error");
}, 1000);
});
p.then(value => {
console.log(value);
}, reason=>{
console.warn(reason);
});
console.log(p);
</script>
</body>
</html>
promise.js
//声明构造函数
function Promise(executor){
//添加属性
this.PromiseState = 'pending';
this.PromiseResult = null;
//声明属性
this.callback = {};
//保存实例对象的 this 的值
const self = this;// self _this that
//resolve 函数
function resolve(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'fulfilled';// resolved
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//调用成功的回调函数
if(self.callback.onResolved){
self.callback.onResolved(data);
}
}
//reject 函数
function reject(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'rejected';//
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//执行回调
if(self.callback.onResolved){
self.callback.onResolved(data);
}
}
try{
//同步调用『执行器函数』
executor(resolve, reject);
}catch(e){
//修改 promise 对象状态为『失败』
reject(e);
}
}
//添加 then 方法
Promise.prototype.then = function(onResolved, onRejected){
//调用回调函数 PromiseState
if(this.PromiseState === 'fulfilled'){
onResolved(this.PromiseResult);
}
if(this.PromiseState === 'rejected'){
onRejected(this.PromiseResult);
}
//判断 pending 状态
if(this.PromiseState === 'pending'){
//保存回调函数
this.callback = {
onResolved: onResolved,
onRejected: onRejected
}
}
}
指定多个回调
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Promise-封装 | 8 - 指定多个回调 </title>
<script src="./promise.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script>
//实例化对象
let p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
// resolve('OK');
reject('No');
}, 1000);
});
p.then(value => {
console.log(value);
}, reason=>{
console.warn(reason);
});
p.then(value => {
alert(value);
}, reason=>{
alert(reason);
});
console.log(p);
</script>
</body>
</html>
promise.js
//声明构造函数
function Promise(executor){
//添加属性
this.PromiseState = 'pending';
this.PromiseResult = null;
//声明属性
this.callbacks = [];
//保存实例对象的 this 的值
const self = this;// self _this that
//resolve 函数
function resolve(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'fulfilled';// resolved
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//调用成功的回调函数
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onResolved(data);
});
}
//reject 函数
function reject(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'rejected';//
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//执行失败的回调
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onRejected(data);
});
}
try{
//同步调用『执行器函数』
executor(resolve, reject);
}catch(e){
//修改 promise 对象状态为『失败』
reject(e);
}
}
//添加 then 方法
Promise.prototype.then = function(onResolved, onRejected){
//调用回调函数 PromiseState
if(this.PromiseState === 'fulfilled'){
onResolved(this.PromiseResult);
}
if(this.PromiseState === 'rejected'){
onRejected(this.PromiseResult);
}
//判断 pending 状态
if(this.PromiseState === 'pending'){
//保存回调函数
this.callbacks.push({
onResolved: onResolved,
onRejected: onRejected
});
}
}
同步修改状态then方法返回结果
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Promise-封装 | 9 - 同步任务 then 返回结果</title>
<script src="./promise.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script>
//实例化对象
let p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve('OK');
});
//执行 then 方法
const res = p.then(value => {
//抛出异常
throw "FAIL";
}, reason=>{
console.warn(reason);
});
console.log(res);
</script>
</body>
</html>
promise.js
//声明构造函数
function Promise(executor){
//添加属性
this.PromiseState = 'pending';
this.PromiseResult = null;
//声明属性
this.callbacks = [];
//保存实例对象的 this 的值
const self = this;// self _this that
//resolve 函数
function resolve(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'fulfilled';// resolved
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//调用成功的回调函数
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onResolved(data);
});
}
//reject 函数
function reject(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'rejected';//
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//执行失败的回调
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onRejected(data);
});
}
try{
//同步调用『执行器函数』
executor(resolve, reject);
}catch(e){
//修改 promise 对象状态为『失败』
reject(e);
}
}
//添加 then 方法
Promise.prototype.then = function(onResolved, onRejected){
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
//调用回调函数 PromiseState
if(this.PromiseState === 'fulfilled'){
try{
//获取回调函数的执行结果
let result = onResolved(this.PromiseResult);
//判断
if(result instanceof Promise){
//如果是 Promise 类型的对象
result.then(v => {
resolve(v);
}, r=>{
reject(r);
})
}else{
//结果的对象状态为『成功』
resolve(result);
}
}catch(e){
reject(e);
}
}
if(this.PromiseState === 'rejected'){
onRejected(this.PromiseResult);
}
//判断 pending 状态
if(this.PromiseState === 'pending'){
//保存回调函数
this.callbacks.push({
onResolved: onResolved,
onRejected: onRejected
});
}
})
}
异步修改状态then方法返回结果
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Promise-封装 | 10 - 异步任务 then 返回结果</title>
<script src="./promise.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script>
//实例化对象
let p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
// resolve('OK');
reject("Error");
}, 1000)
});
//执行 then 方法
const res = p.then(value => {
// return 'oh Yeah';
throw 'error';
}, reason=>{
// console.warn(reason);
throw 'error';
});
console.log(res);
</script>
</body>
</html>
promise.js
//声明构造函数
function Promise(executor){
//添加属性
this.PromiseState = 'pending';
this.PromiseResult = null;
//声明属性
this.callbacks = [];
//保存实例对象的 this 的值
const self = this;// self _this that
//resolve 函数
function resolve(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'fulfilled';// resolved
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//调用成功的回调函数
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onResolved(data);
});
}
//reject 函数
function reject(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'rejected';//
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//执行失败的回调
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onRejected(data);
});
}
try{
//同步调用『执行器函数』
executor(resolve, reject);
}catch(e){
//修改 promise 对象状态为『失败』
reject(e);
}
}
//添加 then 方法
Promise.prototype.then = function(onResolved, onRejected){
const self = this;
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
//调用回调函数 PromiseState
if(this.PromiseState === 'fulfilled'){
try{
//获取回调函数的执行结果
let result = onResolved(this.PromiseResult);
//判断
if(result instanceof Promise){
//如果是 Promise 类型的对象
result.then(v => {
resolve(v);
}, r=>{
reject(r);
})
}else{
//结果的对象状态为『成功』
resolve(result);
}
}catch(e){
reject(e);
}
}
if(this.PromiseState === 'rejected'){
onRejected(this.PromiseResult);
}
//判断 pending 状态
if(this.PromiseState === 'pending'){
//保存回调函数
this.callbacks.push({
onResolved: function(){
try{
//执行成功回调函数
let result = onResolved(self.PromiseResult);
//判断
if(result instanceof Promise){
result.then(v => {
resolve(v);
}, r=>{
reject(r);
})
}else{
resolve(result);
}
}catch(e){
reject(e);
}
},
onRejected: function(){
try{
//执行成功回调函数
let result = onRejected(self.PromiseResult);
//判断
if(result instanceof Promise){
result.then(v => {
resolve(v);
}, r=>{
reject(r);
})
}else{
resolve(result);
}
}catch(e){
reject(e);
}
}
});
}
})
}
then方法代码优化
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Promise-封装 | 10 - 异步任务 then 返回结果</title>
<script src="./promise.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script>
//实例化对象
let p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve('ok');
// reject('Error');
}, 100);
});
//执行 then 方法
const res = p.then(value => {
console.log(value);
}, reason=>{
console.warn(reason);
});
console.log(res);
</script>
</body>
</html>
promise.js
//声明构造函数
function Promise(executor){
//添加属性
this.PromiseState = 'pending';
this.PromiseResult = null;
//声明属性
this.callbacks = [];
//保存实例对象的 this 的值
const self = this;// self _this that
//resolve 函数
function resolve(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'fulfilled';// resolved
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//调用成功的回调函数
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onResolved(data);
});
}
//reject 函数
function reject(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'rejected';//
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//执行失败的回调
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onRejected(data);
});
}
try{
//同步调用『执行器函数』
executor(resolve, reject);
}catch(e){
//修改 promise 对象状态为『失败』
reject(e);
}
}
//添加 then 方法
Promise.prototype.then = function(onResolved, onRejected){
const self = this;
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
//封装函数
function callback(type){
try{
//获取回调函数的执行结果
let result = type(self.PromiseResult);
//判断
if(result instanceof Promise){
//如果是 Promise 类型的对象
result.then(v => {
resolve(v);
}, r=>{
reject(r);
})
}else{
//结果的对象状态为『成功』
resolve(result);
}
}catch(e){
reject(e);
}
}
//调用回调函数 PromiseState
if(this.PromiseState === 'fulfilled'){
callback(onResolved);
}
if(this.PromiseState === 'rejected'){
callback(onRejected);
}
//判断 pending 状态
if(this.PromiseState === 'pending'){
//保存回调函数
this.callbacks.push({
onResolved: function(){
callback(onResolved);
},
onRejected: function(){
callback(onRejected);
}
});
}
})
}
catch方法与异常穿透
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Promise-封装 | 11 - catch 方法与异常穿透</title>
<script src="./promise.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script>
//实例化对象
let p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
// reject('OK');
resolve('OK');
}, 1000);
});
//值传递
p.then()
.then(value=>{
console.log(222);
}).then(value => {
console.log(333);
}).catch(reason => {
console.warn(reason);
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
promise.js
//声明构造函数
function Promise(executor){
//添加属性
this.PromiseState = 'pending';
this.PromiseResult = null;
//声明属性
this.callbacks = [];
//保存实例对象的 this 的值
const self = this;// self _this that
//resolve 函数
function resolve(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'fulfilled';// resolved
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//调用成功的回调函数
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onResolved(data);
});
}
//reject 函数
function reject(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'rejected';//
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//执行失败的回调
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onRejected(data);
});
}
try{
//同步调用『执行器函数』
executor(resolve, reject);
}catch(e){
//修改 promise 对象状态为『失败』
reject(e);
}
}
//添加 then 方法
Promise.prototype.then = function(onResolved, onRejected){
const self = this;
//判断回调函数参数
if(typeof onRejected !== 'function'){
onRejected = reason => {
throw reason;
}
}
if(typeof onResolved !== 'function'){
onResolved = value => value;
//value => { return value};
}
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
//封装函数
function callback(type){
try{
//获取回调函数的执行结果
let result = type(self.PromiseResult);
//判断
if(result instanceof Promise){
//如果是 Promise 类型的对象
result.then(v => {
resolve(v);
}, r=>{
reject(r);
})
}else{
//结果的对象状态为『成功』
resolve(result);
}
}catch(e){
reject(e);
}
}
//调用回调函数 PromiseState
if(this.PromiseState === 'fulfilled'){
callback(onResolved);
}
if(this.PromiseState === 'rejected'){
callback(onRejected);
}
//判断 pending 状态
if(this.PromiseState === 'pending'){
//保存回调函数
this.callbacks.push({
onResolved: function(){
callback(onResolved);
},
onRejected: function(){
callback(onRejected);
}
});
}
})
}
//添加 catch 方法
Promise.prototype.catch = function(onRejected){
return this.then(undefined, onRejected);
}
实现Promise.resolve方法
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Promise-封装 | 12 - Promise.resolve 封装</title>
<script src="./promise.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script>
const p = Promise.resolve('OK');
const p2 = Promise.resolve(new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
// resolve('Success');
reject("error");
}));
const p3 = Promise.resolve(Promise.resolve('Oh Yeah'));
console.log(p3);
</script>
</body>
</html>
promise.js
//声明构造函数
function Promise(executor){
//添加属性
this.PromiseState = 'pending';
this.PromiseResult = null;
//声明属性
this.callbacks = [];
//保存实例对象的 this 的值
const self = this;// self _this that
//resolve 函数
function resolve(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'fulfilled';// resolved
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//调用成功的回调函数
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onResolved(data);
});
}
//reject 函数
function reject(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'rejected';//
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//执行失败的回调
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onRejected(data);
});
}
try{
//同步调用『执行器函数』
executor(resolve, reject);
}catch(e){
//修改 promise 对象状态为『失败』
reject(e);
}
}
//添加 then 方法
Promise.prototype.then = function(onResolved, onRejected){
const self = this;
//判断回调函数参数
if(typeof onRejected !== 'function'){
onRejected = reason => {
throw reason;
}
}
if(typeof onResolved !== 'function'){
onResolved = value => value;
//value => { return value};
}
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
//封装函数
function callback(type){
try{
//获取回调函数的执行结果
let result = type(self.PromiseResult);
//判断
if(result instanceof Promise){
//如果是 Promise 类型的对象
result.then(v => {
resolve(v);
}, r=>{
reject(r);
})
}else{
//结果的对象状态为『成功』
resolve(result);
}
}catch(e){
reject(e);
}
}
//调用回调函数 PromiseState
if(this.PromiseState === 'fulfilled'){
callback(onResolved);
}
if(this.PromiseState === 'rejected'){
callback(onRejected);
}
//判断 pending 状态
if(this.PromiseState === 'pending'){
//保存回调函数
this.callbacks.push({
onResolved: function(){
callback(onResolved);
},
onRejected: function(){
callback(onRejected);
}
});
}
})
}
//添加 catch 方法
Promise.prototype.catch = function(onRejected){
return this.then(undefined, onRejected);
}
//添加 resolve 方法
Promise.resolve = function(value){
//返回promise对象
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
if(value instanceof Promise){
value.then(v=>{
resolve(v);
}, r=>{
reject(r);
})
}else{
//状态设置为成功
resolve(value);
}
});
}
实现Promise.reject方法
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Promise-封装 | 13 - Promise.reject 封装</title>
<script src="./promise.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script>
//Promise.reject
const p = Promise.reject('Error');
const p2 = Promise.reject(new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve('OK');
}));
console.log(p);
console.log(p2);
</script>
</body>
</html>
promise.js
//声明构造函数
function Promise(executor){
//添加属性
this.PromiseState = 'pending';
this.PromiseResult = null;
//声明属性
this.callbacks = [];
//保存实例对象的 this 的值
const self = this;// self _this that
//resolve 函数
function resolve(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'fulfilled';// resolved
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//调用成功的回调函数
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onResolved(data);
});
}
//reject 函数
function reject(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'rejected';//
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//执行失败的回调
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onRejected(data);
});
}
try{
//同步调用『执行器函数』
executor(resolve, reject);
}catch(e){
//修改 promise 对象状态为『失败』
reject(e);
}
}
//添加 then 方法
Promise.prototype.then = function(onResolved, onRejected){
const self = this;
//判断回调函数参数
if(typeof onRejected !== 'function'){
onRejected = reason => {
throw reason;
}
}
if(typeof onResolved !== 'function'){
onResolved = value => value;
//value => { return value};
}
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
//封装函数
function callback(type){
try{
//获取回调函数的执行结果
let result = type(self.PromiseResult);
//判断
if(result instanceof Promise){
//如果是 Promise 类型的对象
result.then(v => {
resolve(v);
}, r=>{
reject(r);
})
}else{
//结果的对象状态为『成功』
resolve(result);
}
}catch(e){
reject(e);
}
}
//调用回调函数 PromiseState
if(this.PromiseState === 'fulfilled'){
callback(onResolved);
}
if(this.PromiseState === 'rejected'){
callback(onRejected);
}
//判断 pending 状态
if(this.PromiseState === 'pending'){
//保存回调函数
this.callbacks.push({
onResolved: function(){
callback(onResolved);
},
onRejected: function(){
callback(onRejected);
}
});
}
})
}
//添加 catch 方法
Promise.prototype.catch = function(onRejected){
return this.then(undefined, onRejected);
}
//添加 resolve 方法
Promise.resolve = function(value){
//返回promise对象
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
if(value instanceof Promise){
value.then(v=>{
resolve(v);
}, r=>{
reject(r);
})
}else{
//状态设置为成功
resolve(value);
}
});
}
//添加 reject 方法
Promise.reject = function(reason){
return new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{
reject(reason);
});
}
实现Promise.all方法
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Promise-封装 | 14 - Promise.all 封装</title>
<script src="./promise.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script>
let p1 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve('OK');
}, 1000)
})
let p2 = Promise.reject('Success');
let p3 = Promise.resolve('Oh Yeah');
//调用 all 方法
let result = Promise.all([p1, p2, p3]);
console.log(result);
</script>
</body>
</html>
promise.js
//声明构造函数
function Promise(executor){
//添加属性
this.PromiseState = 'pending';
this.PromiseResult = null;
//声明属性
this.callbacks = [];
//保存实例对象的 this 的值
const self = this;// self _this that
//resolve 函数
function resolve(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'fulfilled';// resolved
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//调用成功的回调函数
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onResolved(data);
});
}
//reject 函数
function reject(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'rejected';//
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//执行失败的回调
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onRejected(data);
});
}
try{
//同步调用『执行器函数』
executor(resolve, reject);
}catch(e){
//修改 promise 对象状态为『失败』
reject(e);
}
}
//添加 then 方法
Promise.prototype.then = function(onResolved, onRejected){
const self = this;
//判断回调函数参数
if(typeof onRejected !== 'function'){
onRejected = reason => {
throw reason;
}
}
if(typeof onResolved !== 'function'){
onResolved = value => value;
//value => { return value};
}
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
//封装函数
function callback(type){
try{
//获取回调函数的执行结果
let result = type(self.PromiseResult);
//判断
if(result instanceof Promise){
//如果是 Promise 类型的对象
result.then(v => {
resolve(v);
}, r=>{
reject(r);
})
}else{
//结果的对象状态为『成功』
resolve(result);
}
}catch(e){
reject(e);
}
}
//调用回调函数 PromiseState
if(this.PromiseState === 'fulfilled'){
callback(onResolved);
}
if(this.PromiseState === 'rejected'){
callback(onRejected);
}
//判断 pending 状态
if(this.PromiseState === 'pending'){
//保存回调函数
this.callbacks.push({
onResolved: function(){
callback(onResolved);
},
onRejected: function(){
callback(onRejected);
}
});
}
})
}
//添加 catch 方法
Promise.prototype.catch = function(onRejected){
return this.then(undefined, onRejected);
}
//添加 resolve 方法
Promise.resolve = function(value){
//返回promise对象
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
if(value instanceof Promise){
value.then(v=>{
resolve(v);
}, r=>{
reject(r);
})
}else{
//状态设置为成功
resolve(value);
}
});
}
//添加 reject 方法
Promise.reject = function(reason){
return new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{
reject(reason);
});
}
//添加 all 方法
Promise.all = function(promises){
//返回结果为promise对象
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
//声明变量
let count = 0;
let arr = [];
//遍历
for(let i=0;i<promises.length;i++){
//
promises[i].then(v => {
//得知对象的状态是成功
//每个promise对象 都成功
count++;
//将当前promise对象成功的结果 存入到数组中
arr[i] = v;
//判断
if(count === promises.length){
//修改状态
resolve(arr);
}
}, r => {
reject(r);
});
}
});
}
实现Promise.race方法
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Promise-封装 | 15 - Promise.race 封装</title>
<script src="./promise.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script>
let p1 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve('OK');
});
});
let p2 = Promise.reject('Success');
let p3 = Promise.resolve('Oh Yeah');
//调用 race 方法
let result = Promise.race([p1, p2, p3]);
console.log(result);
</script>
</body>
</html>
promise.js
//声明构造函数
function Promise(executor){
//添加属性
this.PromiseState = 'pending';
this.PromiseResult = null;
//声明属性
this.callbacks = [];
//保存实例对象的 this 的值
const self = this;// self _this that
//resolve 函数
function resolve(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'fulfilled';// resolved
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//调用成功的回调函数
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onResolved(data);
});
}
//reject 函数
function reject(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'rejected';//
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//执行失败的回调
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onRejected(data);
});
}
try{
//同步调用『执行器函数』
executor(resolve, reject);
}catch(e){
//修改 promise 对象状态为『失败』
reject(e);
}
}
//添加 then 方法
Promise.prototype.then = function(onResolved, onRejected){
const self = this;
//判断回调函数参数
if(typeof onRejected !== 'function'){
onRejected = reason => {
throw reason;
}
}
if(typeof onResolved !== 'function'){
onResolved = value => value;
//value => { return value};
}
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
//封装函数
function callback(type){
try{
//获取回调函数的执行结果
let result = type(self.PromiseResult);
//判断
if(result instanceof Promise){
//如果是 Promise 类型的对象
result.then(v => {
resolve(v);
}, r=>{
reject(r);
})
}else{
//结果的对象状态为『成功』
resolve(result);
}
}catch(e){
reject(e);
}
}
//调用回调函数 PromiseState
if(this.PromiseState === 'fulfilled'){
callback(onResolved);
}
if(this.PromiseState === 'rejected'){
callback(onRejected);
}
//判断 pending 状态
if(this.PromiseState === 'pending'){
//保存回调函数
this.callbacks.push({
onResolved: function(){
callback(onResolved);
},
onRejected: function(){
callback(onRejected);
}
});
}
})
}
//添加 catch 方法
Promise.prototype.catch = function(onRejected){
return this.then(undefined, onRejected);
}
//添加 resolve 方法
Promise.resolve = function(value){
//返回promise对象
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
if(value instanceof Promise){
value.then(v=>{
resolve(v);
}, r=>{
reject(r);
})
}else{
//状态设置为成功
resolve(value);
}
});
}
//添加 reject 方法
Promise.reject = function(reason){
return new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{
reject(reason);
});
}
//添加 all 方法
Promise.all = function(promises){
//返回结果为promise对象
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
//声明变量
let count = 0;
let arr = [];
//遍历
for(let i=0;i<promises.length;i++){
//
promises[i].then(v => {
//得知对象的状态是成功
//每个promise对象 都成功
count++;
//将当前promise对象成功的结果 存入到数组中
arr[i] = v;
//判断
if(count === promises.length){
//修改状态
resolve(arr);
}
}, r => {
reject(r);
});
}
});
}
//添加 race 方法
Promise.race = function(promises){
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
for(let i=0;i<promises.length;i++){
promises[i].then(v => {
//修改返回对象的状态为 『成功』
resolve(v);
},r=>{
//修改返回对象的状态为 『失败』
reject(r);
})
}
});
}
then回调函数异步执行的实现
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Promise-封装 | 16 - 回调函数『异步执行』</title>
<script src="./promise.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script>
let p1 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
reject('OK');
console.log(111);
});
p1.then(value => {
console.log(222);
}, reason => {
console.log(444);
});
console.log(333);
</script>
</body>
</html>
promise.js
//声明构造函数
function Promise(executor){
//添加属性
this.PromiseState = 'pending';
this.PromiseResult = null;
//声明属性
this.callbacks = [];
//保存实例对象的 this 的值
const self = this;// self _this that
//resolve 函数
function resolve(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'fulfilled';// resolved
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//调用成功的回调函数
setTimeout(() => {
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onResolved(data);
});
});
}
//reject 函数
function reject(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'rejected';//
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//执行失败的回调
setTimeout(() => {
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onRejected(data);
});
});
}
try{
//同步调用『执行器函数』
executor(resolve, reject);
}catch(e){
//修改 promise 对象状态为『失败』
reject(e);
}
}
//添加 then 方法
Promise.prototype.then = function(onResolved, onRejected){
const self = this;
//判断回调函数参数
if(typeof onRejected !== 'function'){
onRejected = reason => {
throw reason;
}
}
if(typeof onResolved !== 'function'){
onResolved = value => value;
//value => { return value};
}
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
//封装函数
function callback(type){
try{
//获取回调函数的执行结果
let result = type(self.PromiseResult);
//判断
if(result instanceof Promise){
//如果是 Promise 类型的对象
result.then(v => {
resolve(v);
}, r=>{
reject(r);
})
}else{
//结果的对象状态为『成功』
resolve(result);
}
}catch(e){
reject(e);
}
}
//调用回调函数 PromiseState
if(this.PromiseState === 'fulfilled'){
setTimeout(() => {
callback(onResolved);
});
}
if(this.PromiseState === 'rejected'){
setTimeout(() => {
callback(onRejected);
});
}
//判断 pending 状态
if(this.PromiseState === 'pending'){
//保存回调函数
this.callbacks.push({
onResolved: function(){
callback(onResolved);
},
onRejected: function(){
callback(onRejected);
}
});
}
})
}
//添加 catch 方法
Promise.prototype.catch = function(onRejected){
return this.then(undefined, onRejected);
}
//添加 resolve 方法
Promise.resolve = function(value){
//返回promise对象
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
if(value instanceof Promise){
value.then(v=>{
resolve(v);
}, r=>{
reject(r);
})
}else{
//状态设置为成功
resolve(value);
}
});
}
//添加 reject 方法
Promise.reject = function(reason){
return new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{
reject(reason);
});
}
//添加 all 方法
Promise.all = function(promises){
//返回结果为promise对象
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
//声明变量
let count = 0;
let arr = [];
//遍历
for(let i=0;i<promises.length;i++){
//
promises[i].then(v => {
//得知对象的状态是成功
//每个promise对象 都成功
count++;
//将当前promise对象成功的结果 存入到数组中
arr[i] = v;
//判断
if(count === promises.length){
//修改状态
resolve(arr);
}
}, r => {
reject(r);
});
}
});
}
//添加 race 方法
Promise.race = function(promises){
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
for(let i=0;i<promises.length;i++){
promises[i].then(v => {
//修改返回对象的状态为 『成功』
resolve(v);
},r=>{
//修改返回对象的状态为 『失败』
reject(r);
})
}
});
}
class版本封装
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Promise-封装 | 17 - class版本封装</title>
<script src="./promise.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script>
// let p1 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
// setTimeout(() => {
// // resolve("OK");
// reject("Eror");
// })
// });
// p1.then(value => {
// console.log(value);
// }, reason => {
// console.warn(reason);
// });
console.log(Promise.resolve('OK'));
</script>
</body>
</html>
promise.js
class Promise{
//构造方法
constructor(executor){
//添加属性
this.PromiseState = 'pending';
this.PromiseResult = null;
//声明属性
this.callbacks = [];
//保存实例对象的 this 的值
const self = this;// self _this that
//resolve 函数
function resolve(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'fulfilled';// resolved
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//调用成功的回调函数
setTimeout(() => {
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onResolved(data);
});
});
}
//reject 函数
function reject(data){
//判断状态
if(self.PromiseState !== 'pending') return;
//1. 修改对象的状态 (promiseState)
self.PromiseState = 'rejected';//
//2. 设置对象结果值 (promiseResult)
self.PromiseResult = data;
//执行失败的回调
setTimeout(() => {
self.callbacks.forEach(item => {
item.onRejected(data);
});
});
}
try{
//同步调用『执行器函数』
executor(resolve, reject);
}catch(e){
//修改 promise 对象状态为『失败』
reject(e);
}
}
//then 方法封装
then(onResolved,onRejected){
const self = this;
//判断回调函数参数
if(typeof onRejected !== 'function'){
onRejected = reason => {
throw reason;
}
}
if(typeof onResolved !== 'function'){
onResolved = value => value;
//value => { return value};
}
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
//封装函数
function callback(type){
try{
//获取回调函数的执行结果
let result = type(self.PromiseResult);
//判断
if(result instanceof Promise){
//如果是 Promise 类型的对象
result.then(v => {
resolve(v);
}, r=>{
reject(r);
})
}else{
//结果的对象状态为『成功』
resolve(result);
}
}catch(e){
reject(e);
}
}
//调用回调函数 PromiseState
if(this.PromiseState === 'fulfilled'){
setTimeout(() => {
callback(onResolved);
});
}
if(this.PromiseState === 'rejected'){
setTimeout(() => {
callback(onRejected);
});
}
//判断 pending 状态
if(this.PromiseState === 'pending'){
//保存回调函数
this.callbacks.push({
onResolved: function(){
callback(onResolved);
},
onRejected: function(){
callback(onRejected);
}
});
}
})
}
//catch 方法
catch(onRejected){
return this.then(undefined, onRejected);
}
//添加 resolve 方法
static resolve(value){
//返回promise对象
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
if(value instanceof Promise){
value.then(v=>{
resolve(v);
}, r=>{
reject(r);
})
}else{
//状态设置为成功
resolve(value);
}
});
}
//添加 reject 方法
static reject(reason){
return new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{
reject(reason);
});
}
//添加 all 方法
static all(promises){
//返回结果为promise对象
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
//声明变量
let count = 0;
let arr = [];
//遍历
for(let i=0;i<promises.length;i++){
//
promises[i].then(v => {
//得知对象的状态是成功
//每个promise对象 都成功
count++;
//将当前promise对象成功的结果 存入到数组中
arr[i] = v;
//判断
if(count === promises.length){
//修改状态
resolve(arr);
}
}, r => {
reject(r);
});
}
});
}
//添加 race 方法
static race (promises){
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
for(let i=0;i<promises.length;i++){
promises[i].then(v => {
//修改返回对象的状态为 『成功』
resolve(v);
},r=>{
//修改返回对象的状态为 『失败』
reject(r);
})
}
});
}
}
async和await
aysnc函数
async
是一个关键字,用在函数的前面,通常是这样的:async function(){}
。使用async
关键字后,效果如下:
- 函数的返回值将会变成Promise对象。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
// 普通的函数
function hello() {
}
var h = hello();
console.log(h);
// async修饰的函数
async function world() {
}
var w = world();
console.log(w);
</script>
</body>
</html>
- 而Promise对象的结果由
async
修饰的函数执行的返回值决定。如果返回值是一个非Promise类型的数据则返回的Promise是一个成功的对象;如果返回值是一个Promise对象,则返回值的结果由这个Promise对象的结果决定;如果抛出异常则返回值是一个失败的Promise对象。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
// 如果返回值是一个非Promise类型的数据
async function hello1() {
return "hello world";
}
var h1 = hello1();
console.log(h1);
// 如果返回值是一个Promise对象
async function hello2() {
return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
resolve('OK');// 成功的
})
}
var h2=hello2();
console.log(h2);
async function hello3() {
return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
reject('NO');// 失败的
})
}
var h3=hello3();
console.log(h3);
// 如果是抛出异常
async function hello4() {
throw 'ERROR';
}
var h4=hello4();
console.log(h4);
</script>
</body>
</html>
总结:async
关键字的作用就是将一个函数的返回值变成一个Promise对象。
await表达式
await
也是一个关键字,通常用在一个 Promise对象的前面,主要用于对Promise对象成功状态的结果进行获取。其使用说明如下:
await
右侧的表达式一般为Promise对象,但也可以是其他值。- 如果右侧的表达式是Promise对象,则使用
await
返回的是promise成功的值。 - 如果右侧的表达式是其他值,则直接将此值作为
await
的返回值。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
// 如果await右侧表达式是Promise对象(成功的状态)
async function main1() {
var promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
resolve('OK');
});
var result = await promise;
console.log(result);// OK
}
main1();
// 如果await右侧表达式是非Promise对象
async function main2() {
var result = await '123';
console.log(result);// 123
}
main2();
// 如果await右侧表达式是Promise对象(失败的状态)
async function main3() {
var promise=new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
reject('NO');
});
try{
var result=await promise;
}catch (e) {
console.log(e);
}
}
main3();
</script>
</body>
</html>
注意:
await
必须写在async
函数中,但async
函数中可以没有await
。- 如果
await
的promise失败了,则会抛出异常,必须通过try...catch
捕获处理。
案例:async与await结合读取文件
使用fs
读取hello1.txt、hello2.txt、hello3.txt、hello4.txt四个文件中的内容,然后一起打印输出。
- 使用回调函数的方式
var fs = require('fs');
fs.readFile('./hello1.txt', function (err, data1) {
if (err) throw err;
fs.readFile('./hello2.txt', function (err, data2) {
if (err) throw err;
fs.readFile('./hello3.txt', function (err, data3) {
if (err) throw err;
fs.readFile('./hello4.txt', function (err, data4) {
if (err) throw err;
console.log(data1 + '\t' + data2 + '\t' + data3 + '\t' + data4);
});
});
});
});
- 使用
async
与await
的方式
var fs = require('fs');
function readFile(path) {
return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
fs.readFile(path, function (err, data) {
if (err) {
reject(err);
}
resolve(data);
})
})
}
async function main() {
try {
var data1 = await readFile('./hello1.txt');
var data2 = await readFile('./hello2.txt');
var data3 = await readFile('./hello3.txt');
var data4 = await readFile('./hello4.txt');
console.log(data1 + '\t' + data2 + '\t' + data3 + '\t' + data4);
} catch (e) {
console.log(e);
}
}
main();
案例:async与await结合发送Ajax请求
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>async与await结合发送AJAX</title>
</head>
<body>
<button id="btn">点击获取段子</button>
<script>
//axios
function sendAJAX(url){
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.responseType = 'json';
xhr.open("GET", url);
xhr.send();
//处理结果
xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){
if(xhr.readyState === 4){
//判断成功
if(xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300){
//成功的结果
resolve(xhr.response);
}else{
reject(xhr.status);
}
}
}
});
}
//段子接口地址 https://api.apiopen.top/getJoke
let btn = document.querySelector('#btn');
btn.addEventListener('click',async function(){
//获取段子信息
let duanzi = await sendAJAX('https://api.apiopen.top/getJoke');
console.log(duanzi);
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
总结:将异步操作封装到一个函数中,并且将异步操作的结果设置到Promise对象中,最后在这个函数中返回Promise对象。然后使用async
修饰一个函数,在该函数内部使用await
关键字读取异步操作返回的Promise对象成功的结果。