我们之前学习了Single View Application的创建和设置,当然我们的程序不可能只有一个界面,所以我们需要对多视图进行支持。
我们首先来看看最简单的多视图应用:Utility Application。我们新建一个工程,选择Utility类型,结果发现我们现在有2个ViewController:MainViewController和FlipsViewController。分别有.xib(xml格式的UI描述文件,类似于Android中的layout文件)、.h头文件、.m实现文件。
接下来我们通过分析源代码查看程序的执行逻辑:
- 对于MainView,我们看到xib右下角有个"info"的这种按钮,在执行时可以切换到FlipsView,我们查看源码得到的结果是:
// info按钮点击事件 - (IBAction)showInfo:(id)sender { // 获得FlipsViewController FlipsideViewController *controller = [[FlipsideViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"FlipsideViewController" bundle:nil]; // 设置Controller的delegate为MainView controller.delegate = self; // 设置切换动画 controller.modalTransitionStyle = UIModalTransitionStyleFlipHorizontal; // 设置呈现Controller [self presentViewController:controller animated:YES completion:nil]; }
- 对于FlipsView,我们查看“Done”按钮的事件处理源码:
// Done按钮事件处理 - (IBAction)done:(id)sender { [self.delegate flipsideViewControllerDidFinish:self]; }
接下来我们看一个Master-Detail的例子。Master-Detail类似于PC下的多窗口应用程序,主窗口中列表显示子窗口项,点击单项进入该项详情页面。
我们新建立一个工程之后分析:Master-Detail程序同样存在一个MasterView和一个DetailView。
其中MasterView中的代码:
//
// MasterViewController.m
// MasterDetailDemo
//
// Created by Sam Wang on 13-5-27.
// Copyright (c) 2013年 com.freesoft. All rights reserved.
//
#import "MasterViewController.h"
#import "DetailViewController.h"
@interface MasterViewController () {
NSMutableArray *_objects;
}
@end
@implementation MasterViewController
- (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil
{
self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil];
if (self) {
// 初始化标题
self.title = NSLocalizedString(@"Master", @"Master");
}
return self;
}
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = self.editButtonItem;
// 初始化Add按钮样式
UIBarButtonItem *addButton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemAdd target:self action:@selector(insertNewObject:)];
self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = addButton;
}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
- (void)insertNewObject:(id)sender
{
// 插入新条目
if (!_objects) {
_objects = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
}
[_objects insertObject:[NSDate date] atIndex:0];
NSIndexPath *indexPath = [NSIndexPath indexPathForRow:0 inSection:0];
[self.tableView insertRowsAtIndexPaths:@[indexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationAutomatic];
}
#pragma mark - Table View
- (NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView
{
// 设置区域
return 1;
}
- (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section
{
// 条目数
return _objects.count;
}
// Customize the appearance of table view cells.
- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
// 显示条目
static NSString *CellIdentifier = @"Cell";
UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:CellIdentifier];
if (cell == nil) {
cell = [[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault reuseIdentifier:CellIdentifier];
cell.accessoryType = UITableViewCellAccessoryDisclosureIndicator;
}
NSDate *object = _objects[indexPath.row];
cell.textLabel.text = [object description];
return cell;
}
- (BOOL)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView canEditRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
// Return NO if you do not want the specified item to be editable.
return YES;
}
- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView commitEditingStyle:(UITableViewCellEditingStyle)editingStyle forRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
if (editingStyle == UITableViewCellEditingStyleDelete) {
[_objects removeObjectAtIndex:indexPath.row];
[tableView deleteRowsAtIndexPaths:@[indexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
} else if (editingStyle == UITableViewCellEditingStyleInsert) {
// Create a new instance of the appropriate class, insert it into the array, and add a new row to the table view.
}
}
/*
// Override to support rearranging the table view.
- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView moveRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)fromIndexPath toIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)toIndexPath
{
}
*/
/*
// Override to support conditional rearranging of the table view.
- (BOOL)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView canMoveRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
// Return NO if you do not want the item to be re-orderable.
return YES;
}
*/
- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
// 选择某项条目
if (!self.detailViewController) {
self.detailViewController = [[DetailViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"DetailViewController" bundle:nil];
}
NSDate *object = _objects[indexPath.row];
self.detailViewController.detailItem = object;
[self.navigationController pushViewController:self.detailViewController animated:YES];
}
@end
Detail-View代码分析:
//
// DetailViewController.m
// MasterDetailDemo
//
// Created by Sam Wang on 13-5-27.
// Copyright (c) 2013年 com.freesoft. All rights reserved.
//
#import "DetailViewController.h"
@interface DetailViewController ()
- (void)configureView;
@end
@implementation DetailViewController
#pragma mark - Managing the detail item
- (void)setDetailItem:(id)newDetailItem
{
if (_detailItem != newDetailItem) {
_detailItem = newDetailItem;
// Update the view.
[self configureView];
}
}
- (void)configureView
{
// Update the user interface for the detail item.
// 显示条目内容
if (self.detailItem) {
self.detailDescriptionLabel.text = [self.detailItem description];
}
}
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
[self configureView];
}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
- (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil
{
// 显示标题
self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil];
if (self) {
self.title = NSLocalizedString(@"Detail", @"Detail");
}
return self;
}
@end
最后我们看一个Tabbed Application,这种类型的应用还是非常多的。我们以一个简单的例子来说明如果我们需要添加一个Tab页面的情况:
- 我们添加一个controller,我们选择New->iOS->Cocoa Touch中的Object-C Class,并且命名为:ThirdViewController,创建XIB文件。
- 我们修改AppDelegate.m代码,增加一个viewController:
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions { self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]]; // Override point for customization after application launch. UIViewController *viewController1 = [[FirstViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"FirstViewController" bundle:nil]; UIViewController *viewController2 = [[SecondViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"SecondViewController" bundle:nil]; // 新增ViewController UIViewController *viewController3 = [[ThirdViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"ThirdViewController" bundle:nil]; self.tabBarController = [[UITabBarController alloc] init]; // 将ViewController添加到tabBar中 self.tabBarController.viewControllers = @[viewController1, viewController2, viewController3]; self.window.rootViewController = self.tabBarController; [self.window makeKeyAndVisible]; return YES; }
- ok,这时如果运行发现我们的TabView已经添加成功了,接下来我们需要修改View3的切换按钮和文字:
- (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil { self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil]; if (self) { // 按钮文字 self.title = NSLocalizedString(@"Third", @"Third"); // 按钮图片 self.tabBarItem.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"third"]; } return self; }
- 接下来可以对每个View编写自己的页面和逻辑。