Go语言使用的ORM框架：Gorm的一些简单用法

建立连接

这里以mysql为例，需要导入这两个包

import(
	_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
	"github.com/jinzhu/gorm"
)

然后就可以直接建立连接了：

	db,err := gorm.Open("mysql","root:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/mysql?charset=utf8")
	db.SingularTable(true)
	defer db.Close()
	if err!=nil{
		panic(err)
	}

Open函数里面的"mysql"表明是要连接什么数据库，后面的root，password是账户密码，tcp后面的是ip和端口号，/mysql是本次连接要打开的项目。
db.SingularTable(true)，如果不设置这个参数，gorm会把表名转义后加个s，导致找不到表。

操作表

定义一个结构体，对应一张表，这里就是一张很简单的表，只有两列，username和balance，一个是varchar类型，一个是int类型；

type User struct {
	Username string
	Balance int
}

这里的结构体和表一定要一一对应，变量名首字母要大写，否则找不到对应的元素。
例子：可以自己尝试组合使用

//create
	var user User
	user.Username="wuhaotian"
	user.Balance = 1000
	db.Create(&user)
//read
	db.First(&user,"username=?","lisi")
//update
	db.Model(&user).Where("username=?","lisi").Update("balance",2000)

查询：

// 获取第一条记录，按主键排序
db.First(&user)
 SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;

// 获取最后一条记录，按主键排序
db.Last(&user)
 SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1;

// 获取所有记录
db.Find(&users)
 SELECT * FROM users;

// 使用主键获取记录
db.First(&user, 10)
 SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 10;这里默认表里面有id这一例，如果没有的话，就查不到。

Where查询条件

// 获取第一个匹配记录
db.Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").First(&user)
 SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu' limit 1;

// 获取所有匹配记录
db.Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").Find(&users)
 SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu';

db.Where("name <> ?", "jinzhu").Find(&users)

// IN
db.Where("name in (?)", []string{"jinzhu", "jinzhu 2"}).Find(&users)

// LIKE
db.Where("name LIKE ?", "%jin%").Find(&users)

// AND
db.Where("name = ? AND age >= ?", "jinzhu", "22").Find(&users)

// Time
db.Where("updated_at > ?", lastWeek).Find(&users)

db.Where("created_at BETWEEN ? AND ?", lastWeek, today).Find(&users)

Where查询条件(Struct & Map)

// Struct
db.Where(&User{Name: "jinzhu", Age: 20}).First(&user)
 SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = "jinzhu" AND age = 20 LIMIT 1;

// Map
db.Where(map[string]interface{}{"name": "jinzhu", "age": 20}).Find(&users)
 SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = "jinzhu" AND age = 20;

// 主键的Slice
db.Where([]int64{20, 21, 22}).Find(&users)
 SELECT * FROM users WHERE id IN (20, 21, 22);

Not条件查询

db.Not("name", "jinzhu").First(&user)
 SELECT * FROM users WHERE name <> "jinzhu" LIMIT 1;

// Not In
db.Not("name", []string{"jinzhu", "jinzhu 2"}).Find(&users)
 SELECT * FROM users WHERE name NOT IN ("jinzhu", "jinzhu 2");

// Not In slice of primary keys
db.Not([]int64{1,2,3}).First(&user)
 SELECT * FROM users WHERE id NOT IN (1,2,3);

db.Not([]int64{}).First(&user)
 SELECT * FROM users;

// Plain SQL
db.Not("name = ?", "jinzhu").First(&user)
 SELECT * FROM users WHERE NOT(name = "jinzhu");

// Struct
db.Not(User{Name: "jinzhu"}).First(&user)
 SELECT * FROM users WHERE name <> "jinzhu";

带内联条件的查询

注意：使用主键查询时，应仔细检查所传递的值是否为有效主键，以避免SQL注入

// 按主键获取
db.First(&user, 23)
 SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 23 LIMIT 1;

// 简单SQL
db.Find(&user, "name = ?", "jinzhu")
 SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = "jinzhu";

db.Find(&users, "name <> ? AND age > ?", "jinzhu", 20)
 SELECT * FROM users WHERE name <> "jinzhu" AND age > 20;

// Struct
db.Find(&users, User{Age: 20})
 SELECT * FROM users WHERE age = 20;

// Map
db.Find(&users, map[string]interface{}{"age": 20})
 SELECT * FROM users WHERE age = 20;

Or条件查询

db.Where("role = ?", "admin").Or("role = ?", "super_admin").Find(&users)
 SELECT * FROM users WHERE role = 'admin' OR role = 'super_admin';

// Struct
db.Where("name = 'jinzhu'").Or(User{Name: "jinzhu 2"}).Find(&users)
 SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu' OR name = 'jinzhu 2';

// Map
db.Where("name = 'jinzhu'").Or(map[string]interface{}{"name": "jinzhu 2"}).Find(&users)

Select

db.Select("name, age").Find(&users)
 SELECT name, age FROM users;

db.Select([]string{"name", "age"}).Find(&users)
 SELECT name, age FROM users;

db.Table("users").Select("COALESCE(age,?)", 42).Rows()
 SELECT COALESCE(age,'42') FROM users;

Count

获取模型的记录数

db.Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").Or("name = ?", "jinzhu 2").Find(&users).Count(&count)
 SELECT * from USERS WHERE name = 'jinzhu' OR name = 'jinzhu 2'; (users)
 SELECT count(*) FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu' OR name = 'jinzhu 2'; (count)

db.Model(&User{}).Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").Count(&count)
 SELECT count(*) FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu'; (count)

db.Table("deleted_users").Count(&count)
 SELECT count(*) FROM deleted_users;

Group & Having

rows, err := db.Table("orders").Select("date(created_at) as date, sum(amount) as total").Group("date(created_at)").Rows()
for rows.Next() {
    ...
}

rows, err := db.Table("orders").Select("date(created_at) as date, sum(amount) as total").Group("date(created_at)").Having("sum(amount) > ?", 100).Rows()
for rows.Next() {
    ...
}

type Result struct {
    Date  time.Time
    Total int64
}
db.Table("orders").Select("date(created_at) as date, sum(amount) as total").Group("date(created_at)").Having("sum(amount) > ?", 100).Scan(&results)

Join

指定连接条件

rows, err := db.Table("users").Select("users.name, emails.email").Joins("left join emails on emails.user_id = users.id").Rows()
for rows.Next() {
    ...
}

db.Table("users").Select("users.name, emails.email").Joins("left join emails on emails.user_id = users.id").Scan(&results)

// 多个连接与参数
db.Joins("JOIN emails ON emails.user_id = users.id AND emails.email = ?", "jinzhu@example.org").Joins("JOIN credit_cards ON credit_cards.user_id = users.id").Where("credit_cards.number = ?", "411111111111").Find(&user)

Scan

先定义另外的结构体（或者变量），将结果扫描到另一个结构（变量）中。

type Result struct {
    Name string
    Age  int
}

var result Result
db.Table("users").Select("name, age").Where("name = ?", 3).Scan(&result)

// Raw SQL
db.Raw("SELECT name, age FROM users WHERE name = ?", 3).Scan(&result)

更多操作可以看gorm官网