在linux服务器上离线安装mysql
mysql安装包的下载地址:
https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
1.卸载系统自带的Mariadb数据库
# 进入/opt目录
cd /opt
# 查看系统是否自带Mariadb数据库
rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
# 卸载自带的Mariadb数据库
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
2.将mysql安装包传输到服务器的/usr/local
目录下
# 解压到当前目录
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
# 将解压出的目录名改为mysql
mv mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
3.创建mysql用户组和mysql用户
# 创建名为mysql的用户组
groupadd mysql
# 创建名为mysql的用户并关联至名为mysql的用户组
useradd -g mysql mysql
# 进去/usr/local/目录
cd /usr/local/
# ./mysql目录更改用户和用户组
chown -R mysql mysql/
chgrp -R mysql mysql/
# 进入mysql目录
cd mysql/
# 创建data目录
mkdir data
#./data目录更改用户和用户组
chown -R mysql:mysql data
4.配置my.cnf文件
注:socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock,如果这个文件位置没有mysql.sock就从/tmp/mysql.sock复制到/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
4.1找到my.cnf文件
# 进入mysql的根目录
cd /usr/local/mysql
# 编辑配置文件
vi my.cnf
4.2 配置文件中主要修改的参数如下
#客户端设置
[client]
port = 3306
# 默认情况下,socket文件应为/usr/local/mysql/mysql.socket,所以可以ln -s xx /tmp/mysql.sock 如果这样不行的话,直接让socket=/tmp/mysql.sock试试
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
# 服务端设置
[mysqld]
# 启动mysql服务进程的用户
user = mysql
# 安装目录相关
# mysql安装根目录
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
# mysql数据文件所在位置
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
# 临时目录 比如load data infile会用到,一般都是使用/tmp
tmpdir = /tmp
# 设置socke文件地址,如果这样不行的话,直接让socket=/tmp/mysql.sock试试
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
5.初始化
5.1. 如果缺少libaio包(查看命令:rpm -qa|grep libaio),则下载(自己百度上下载)libaio包到/opt,并安装:
rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm
5.2. 初始化操作:
# 进入mysql根目录
cd /usr/local/mysql
# 进行初始化
./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize
# 初始化成功后得到如下结果
2020-03-05T10:06:08.020657Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-03-05T10:06:08.839468Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-03-05T10:06:09.620849Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-03-05T10:06:09.692826Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: efbe7524-5ec8-11ea-ac88-fa163e89a91f.
2020-03-05T10:06:09.739332Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-03-05T10:06:10.688256Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-03-05T10:06:10.850506Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: NLpi%J0pdOgo
# 切记!!!
root@localhost: NLpi%J0pdOgo 就是root用户初始化的密码,需要先保存记住了,下面要用。
6. 开启服务
6.1. 将mysql加入服务
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
6.2. 开机自启
chkconfig mysql on
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
6.3. 初次启动(任意目录下都行,不行就去mysql的bin目录下执行)
service mysql start
# service mysql status 查看服务状态
# service mysql stop 停止服务
7. 设置密码
7.1. 登陆进吗mysql服务
# 密码是上面给的随机分配的密码
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
**注:**如果登陆时报错:
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/tmp/mysql.sock’ (2)
那么执行命令建立软连接并重新登陆
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock
7.2. 设置新的密码
# 设置密码
alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '需要设置的密码';
# 刷新,一定记得刷新!!!
flush privileges;
# 退出
exit;
8. 允许远程连接
# 登录(此时的密码是你新设置的密码!!!)
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
# 选择名为 mysql 的 dababase
use mysql;
# 设置远程访问, % 代表任意ip都可以访问
update user set host='%' where user = 'root';
# 刷新,一定记得刷新哦!!!
flush privileges;
# 可以查看下是否设置成功
select host,user from user where user='root';
# 退出服务
exit;