一、概述
从应用程序的角度出发，Activity的启动过程分为两种：一种是根Activity,另一种是子Activity。根Acitivity是launcher中以快捷图标的的形式启动，它的启动过程代表了一个Android应用程序的启动过程。子Activity由根Activity启动或有其他子Activity启动，它们可能与启动它们的Activity运行在同一个进程中也可能运行在不同的进程中，这取决于它们的配置和启动参数。
二、Launcher启动MainActivity的过程
- Launcher向ActivityManagerService发送一个启动MainActivity的进程间通信请求
- ActivityManagerService首先将要启动的MainActivity组件的信息保存下来，然后向Launcher组件发送一个暂停状态的进程间通信请求。
- Launcher组件进入暂停状态之后，就会向ActivityManagerService发送一个已进入暂停状态的进程间通信请求，以便ActivityManagerService可以继续执行启动MainActivity组件的操作。
- ActivityManagerService发现用来运行MainActivity组件的应用程序进程不存在，它就会启动一个新的应用程序进程。
- 新的应用程序进程启动完成之后，就会向ActivityManagerService发送一个启动完成的进程间通信请求，以便ActivityManagerService可以继续执行启动MainActivity组件的操作。
- ActivityManagerService将2步保存下来的MainActivity组件的信息发送给4创建的应用程序进程，以便可以将MainActivity组件启动起来。
三、源码分析
我们点击应用图标时，就会调用Launcher的startActivitySafely
packages/apps/Launcher3/src/com/android/launcher3/Launcher.java
public boolean startActivitySafely(View v, Intent intent, ItemInfo item) {
...
//1、 Prepare intent
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
if (v != null) {
intent.setSourceBounds(getViewBounds(v));
}
try {
if (Utilities.ATLEAST_MARSHMALLOW
&& (item instanceof ShortcutInfo)
&& (item.itemType == Favorites.ITEM_TYPE_SHORTCUT
|| item.itemType == Favorites.ITEM_TYPE_DEEP_SHORTCUT)
&& !((ShortcutInfo) item).isPromise()) {
// Shortcuts need some special checks due to legacy reasons.
startShortcutIntentSafely(intent, optsBundle, item);
} else if (user == null || user.equals(Process.myUserHandle())) {
//2、 Could be launching some bookkeeping activity
startActivity(intent, optsBundle);
} else {
LauncherAppsCompat.getInstance(this).startActivityForProfile(
intent.getComponent(), user, intent.getSourceBounds(), optsBundle);
}
return true;
} catch (ActivityNotFoundException|SecurityException e) {
Toast.makeText(this, R.string.activity_not_found, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Log.e(TAG, "Unable to launch. tag=" + item + " intent=" + intent, e);
}
return false;
}
在注释1处设置Flag为Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK,这样MainActivity就会在一个新的任务栈中启动，在注释2处调用父类Activity的成员函数启动参数为intent所描述Activity的组件。
@Override
public void startActivity(Intent intent, @Nullable Bundle options) {
if (options != null) {
startActivityForResult(intent, -1, options);
} else {
// Note we want to go through this call for compatibility with
// applications that may have overridden the method.
startActivityForResult(intent, -1);
}
}
startActivityForResult的第二个参数为-1,Launcher不需要知道启动的结果，如果大于等于0就会在Activity退出时调用启动Activity的onActivityResult()方法。
public void startActivityForResult(Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options) {
if (mParent == null) {
options = transferSpringboardActivityOptions(options);
Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
intent, requestCode, options);
if (ar != null) {
mMainThread.sendActivityResult(
mToken, mEmbeddedID, requestCode, ar.getResultCode(),
ar.getResultData());
}
}
mInstrumentation的类型为Instrumentation，调用Instrumentation的execStartActivity方法来执行启动MainActivity的操作。
Activity类的成员变量mMainThread的类型为ActivityThread,用来描述一个应用程序的进程。系统每当启动一个应用程序进程时，都会在加载一个ActivityThread类实例，并且会将这个ActivityThread类实例保存在每一个在该进程中启动的Activity组件的父类Activity的成员变量mMainThread中。Activity类的成员函数getApplicationThread()用来获取它内部的一个类型为ApplicationThread的Binder本地对象。通过execStartActivity()方法，可以将它传递给ActivityManagerService，这样ActivityManagerService就可以通过它来通知Launcher组件进入Paused状态。
public ActivityResult execStartActivity(
Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, String target,
Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options) {
IApplicationThread whoThread = (IApplicationThread) contextThread;
try {
intent.migrateExtraStreamToClipData();
intent.prepareToLeaveProcess(who);
int result = ActivityManager.getService()
.startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
token, target, requestCode, 0, null, options);
checkStartActivityResult(result, intent);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e);
}
return null;
}
通过ActivityManager类的静态函数getService()来获取AMS的代理对象，接着调用startActivity方法
public static IActivityManager getService() {
return IActivityManagerSingleton.get();
}
private static final Singleton<IActivityManager> IActivityManagerSingleton =
new Singleton<IActivityManager>() {
@Override
protected IActivityManager create() {
final IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
final IActivityManager am = IActivityManager.Stub.asInterface(b);
return am;
}
};
public abstract class Singleton<T> {
private T mInstance;
protected abstract T create();
public final T get() {
synchronized (this) {
if (mInstance == null) {
mInstance = create();
}
return mInstance;
}
}
}
第一次调用getService()方法时，它会通过Service Manager来获得一个“activity”的service引用，也就是IBinder类型的AMS引用，接着将其转化为IActivityManager类型的对象。由于AMS实现了IActivityManager.Stub接口，因此可以与AMS间进行进程间通讯。
以上过程都是Launcher进程中进行的。
下面的过程是在AMS中执行的
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java
public final int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions) {
return startActivityAsUser(caller, callingPackage, intent, resolvedType, resultTo,
resultWho, requestCode, startFlags, profilerInfo, bOptions,
UserHandle.getCallingUserId());
}
AMS的startActivity方法中return了startActivityAsUser方法，startActivityAsUser比startActivity多了一个UserHandle.getCallingUserId()，这个方法会获得调用者的UserId,AMS会根据这个UserId来确定调用者的权限。
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java
public final int startActivityAsUser(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions, int userId) {
enforceNotIsolatedCaller("startActivity");
userId = mUserController.handleIncomingUser(Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(),
userId, false, ALLOW_FULL_ONLY, "startActivity", null);
// TODO: Switch to user app stacks here.
return mActivityStarter.startActivityMayWait(caller, -1, callingPackage, intent,
resolvedType, null, null, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags,
profilerInfo, null, null, bOptions, false, userId, null, null,
"startActivityAsUser");
}
调用ActivityStater的startActivityMayWait方法，倒数第二个参数类型为TaskRecord代表启动的Activity所在的栈，最后一个参数startActivityAsUser代表启动的理由。
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStarter.java
final int startActivityMayWait(IApplicationThread caller, int callingUid,
String callingPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType,
IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags,
ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, WaitResult outResult,
Configuration globalConfig, Bundle bOptions, boolean ignoreTargetSecurity, int userId,
IActivityContainer iContainer, TaskRecord inTask, String reason) {
...
final ActivityRecord[] outRecord = new ActivityRecord[1];
int res = startActivityLocked(caller, intent, ephemeralIntent, resolvedType,
aInfo, rInfo, voiceSession, voiceInteractor,
resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, callingPid,
callingUid, callingPackage, realCallingPid, realCallingUid, startFlags,
options, ignoreTargetSecurity, componentSpecified, outRecord, container,
inTask, reason);
...
}
int startActivityLocked(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent, Intent ephemeralIntent,
String resolvedType, ActivityInfo aInfo, ResolveInfo rInfo,
IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int callingPid, int callingUid,
String callingPackage, int realCallingPid, int realCallingUid, int startFlags,
ActivityOptions options, boolean ignoreTargetSecurity, boolean componentSpecified,
ActivityRecord[] outActivity, ActivityStackSupervisor.ActivityContainer container,
TaskRecord inTask, String reason) {
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(reason)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Need to specify a reason.");
}
mLastStartReason = reason;
mLastStartActivityTimeMs = System.currentTimeMillis();
mLastStartActivityRecord[0] = null;
mLastStartActivityResult = startActivity(caller, intent, ephemeralIntent, resolvedType,
aInfo, rInfo, voiceSession, voiceInteractor, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode,
callingPid, callingUid, callingPackage, realCallingPid, realCallingUid, startFlags,
options, ignoreTargetSecurity, componentSpecified, mLastStartActivityRecord,
container, inTask);
return mLastStartActivityResult;
}
private int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent, Intent ephemeralIntent,
String resolvedType, ActivityInfo aInfo, ResolveInfo rInfo,
IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int callingPid, int callingUid,
String callingPackage, int realCallingPid, int realCallingUid, int startFlags,
ActivityOptions options, boolean ignoreTargetSecurity, boolean componentSpecified,
ActivityRecord[] outActivity, ActivityStackSupervisor.ActivityContainer container,
TaskRecord inTask) {
int err = ActivityManager.START_SUCCESS;
// Pull the optional Ephemeral Installer-only bundle out of the options early.
final Bundle verificationBundle
= options != null ? options.popAppVerificationBundle() : null;
ProcessRecord callerApp = null;
if (caller != null) {
// 1
callerApp = mService.getRecordForAppLocked(caller);
if (callerApp != null) {
callingPid = callerApp.pid;
callingUid = callerApp.info.uid;
} else {
Slog.w(TAG, "Unable to find app for caller " + caller
+ " (pid=" + callingPid + ") when starting: "
+ intent.toString());
err = ActivityManager.START_PERMISSION_DENIED;
}
}
...
//注释2
ActivityRecord r = new ActivityRecord(mService, callerApp, callingPid, callingUid,
callingPackage, intent, resolvedType, aInfo, mService.getGlobalConfiguration(),
resultRecord, resultWho, requestCode, componentSpecified, voiceSession != null,
mSupervisor, container, options, sourceRecord);
if (outActivity != null) {
outActivity[0] = r;
}
return startActivity(r, sourceRecord, voiceSession, voiceInteractor, startFlags, true,
options, inTask, outActivity);
}
每一个应用程序都使用一个ProcessRecord对象来描述，并且保存在ActivityManagerService内部，注释1处通过getRecordForAppLocked来获得与参数caller对应的一个ProcessRecord对象callerApp。注释2处创建一个ActivityRecord对象r来描述即将启动的Activity组件。
private int startActivity(final ActivityRecord r, ActivityRecord sourceRecord,
IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
int startFlags, boolean doResume, ActivityOptions options, TaskRecord inTask,//null
ActivityRecord[] outActivity) {
int result = START_CANCELED;
try {
mService.mWindowManager.deferSurfaceLayout();
result = startActivityUnchecked(r, sourceRecord, voiceSession, voiceInteractor,
startFlags, doResume, options, inTask, outActivity);
} finally {
// activity in an incomplete state can lead to issues, such as performing operations
// without a window container.
if (!ActivityManager.isStartResultSuccessful(result)
&& mStartActivity.getTask() != null) {
mStartActivity.getTask().removeActivity(mStartActivity);
}
mService.mWindowManager.continueSurfaceLayout();
}
return result;
}
private int startActivityUnchecked(final ActivityRecord r, ActivityRecord sourceRecord,
IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
int startFlags, boolean doResume, ActivityOptions options, TaskRecord inTask,
ActivityRecord[] outActivity) {
...
// Should this be considered a new task?
int result = START_SUCCESS;
if (mStartActivity.resultTo == null && mInTask == null && !mAddingToTask
&& (mLaunchFlags & FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0) {
//1
newTask = true;
result = setTaskFromReuseOrCreateNewTask(
taskToAffiliate, preferredLaunchStackId, topStack);
} else if (mSourceRecord != null) {
result = setTaskFromSourceRecord();
} else if (mInTask != null) {
result = setTaskFromInTask();
} else {
// This not being started from an existing activity, and not part of a new task...
// just put it in the top task, though these days this case should never happen.
setTaskToCurrentTopOrCreateNewTask();
}
if (result != START_SUCCESS) {
return result;
}
...
if (mDoResume) {
final ActivityRecord topTaskActivity =
mStartActivity.getTask().topRunningActivityLocked();
if (!mTargetStack.isFocusable()
|| (topTaskActivity != null && topTaskActivity.mTaskOverlay
&& mStartActivity != topTaskActivity)) {
// If the activity is not focusable, we can't resume it, but still would like to
// make sure it becomes visible as it starts (this will also trigger entry
// animation). An example of this are PIP activities.
// Also, we don't want to resume activities in a task that currently has an overlay
// as the starting activity just needs to be in the visible paused state until the
// over is removed.
mTargetStack.ensureActivitiesVisibleLocked(null, 0, !PRESERVE_WINDOWS);
// Go ahead and tell window manager to execute app transition for this activity
// since the app transition will not be triggered through the resume channel.
mWindowManager.executeAppTransition();
} else {
// If the target stack was not previously focusable (previous top running activity
// on that stack was not visible) then any prior calls to move the stack to the
// will not update the focused stack. If starting the new activity now allows the
// task stack to be focusable, then ensure that we now update the focused stack
// accordingly.
if (mTargetStack.isFocusable() && !mSupervisor.isFocusedStack(mTargetStack)) {
mTargetStack.moveToFront("startActivityUnchecked");
}
//2
mSupervisor.resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked(mTargetStack, mStartActivity,
mOptions);
}
}
注释1默认情况下目标Activity与源Activity运行在同一任务中，如果启动组件标志值位设置FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK，并且源Activity不需要目标Activity的运行结果，那么AMS就会将目标Activity运行在另一个不同的任务中。 调用注释2 resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStackSupervisor.java
boolean resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked(
ActivityStack targetStack, ActivityRecord target, ActivityOptions targetOptions) {
if (targetStack != null && isFocusedStack(targetStack)) {
return targetStack.resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(target, targetOptions);
}
//1
final ActivityRecord r = mFocusedStack.topRunningActivityLocked();
if (r == null || r.state != RESUMED) {
mFocusedStack.resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(null, null);
} else if (r.state == RESUMED) {
// Kick off any lingering app transitions form the MoveTaskToFront operation.
mFocusedStack.executeAppTransition(targetOptions);
}
return false;
}
在注释1处topRunningActivityLocked()获取要启动的Activity是否在栈顶。如果r == null || r.state != RESUMED就会调用resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked()
private boolean resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(ActivityRecord prev, ActivityOptions options) {
// If the flag RESUME_WHILE_PAUSING is set, then continue to schedule the previous activity
// to be paused, while at the same time resuming the new resume activity only if the
// previous activity can't go into Pip since we want to give Pip activities a chance to
// enter Pip before resuming the next activity.
final boolean resumeWhilePausing = (next.info.flags & FLAG_RESUME_WHILE_PAUSING) != 0
&& !lastResumedCanPip;
boolean pausing = mStackSupervisor.pauseBackStacks(userLeaving, next, false);
//1
if (mResumedActivity != null) {
pausing |= startPausingLocked(userLeaving, false, next, false);
}
if (pausing && !resumeWhilePausing) {
// At this point we want to put the upcoming activity's process
// at the top of the LRU list, since we know we will be needing it
// very soon and it would be a waste to let it get killed if it
// happens to be sitting towards the end.
if (next.app != null && next.app.thread != null) {
mService.updateLruProcessLocked(next.app, true, null);
}
return true;
}
}
由于当前resume状态的组件为Launcher，所以mResumedActivity != null为true,接下来就会调用startPausingLocked
final boolean startPausingLocked(boolean userLeaving, boolean uiSleeping,
ActivityRecord resuming, boolean pauseImmediately) {
if (prev.app != null && prev.app.thread != null) {
try {
mService.updateUsageStats(prev, false);
prev.app.thread.schedulePauseActivity(prev.appToken, prev.finishing,
userLeaving, prev.configChangeFlags, pauseImmediately);
} catch (Exception e) {
// Ignore exception, if process died other code will cleanup.
Slog.w(TAG, "Exception thrown during pause", e);
mPausingActivity = null;
mLastPausedActivity = null;
mLastNoHistoryActivity = null;
}
}
}
调用ThreadActivity的内部类ApplicationThread的schedulePauseActivity方法
public final void schedulePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
boolean userLeaving, int configChanges, boolean dontReport) {
int seq = getLifecycleSeq();
if (DEBUG_ORDER) Slog.d(TAG, "pauseActivity " + ActivityThread.this
+ " operation received seq: " + seq);
sendMessage(
finished ? H.PAUSE_ACTIVITY_FINISHING : H.PAUSE_ACTIVITY,
token,
(userLeaving ? USER_LEAVING : 0) | (dontReport ? DONT_REPORT : 0),
configChanges,
seq);
}
SomeArgs args = (SomeArgs) msg.obj;
handlePauseActivity((IBinder) args.arg1, false,
(args.argi1 & USER_LEAVING) != 0, args.argi2,
(args.argi1 & DONT_REPORT) != 0, args.argi3);
maybeSnapshot();
private void handlePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
boolean userLeaving, int configChanges, boolean dontReport, int seq) {
ActivityClientRecord r = mActivities.get(token);
if (DEBUG_ORDER) Slog.d(TAG, "handlePauseActivity " + r + ", seq: " + seq);
if (!checkAndUpdateLifecycleSeq(seq, r, "pauseActivity")) {
return;
}
if (r != null) {
//Slog.v(TAG, "userLeaving=" + userLeaving + " handling pause of " + r);
//1
if (userLeaving) {
performUserLeavingActivity(r);
}
r.activity.mConfigChangeFlags |= configChanges;
//2
performPauseActivity(token, finished, r.isPreHoneycomb(), "handlePauseActivity");
//3 Make sure any pending writes are now committed.
if (r.isPreHoneycomb()) {
QueuedWork.waitToFinish();
}
// 4 Tell the activity manager we have paused.
if (!dontReport) {
try {
ActivityManager.getService().activityPaused(token);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
}
mSomeActivitiesChanged = true;
}
}
注释1处调用成员函数performUserLeavingActivity向Launcher发送一个用户离开事件通知。注释2调用performPauseActivity使Launcher发送一个进入pause状态的通知即调用成员函数onPause。注释3处调用QueuedWork类的静态成员函数waitToFinish等待前面的一些数据写入操作。注释4dontReport为false,因此会调用AMS的activityPaused方法通知AMS Launcher已经进入Paused状态
@Override
public final void activityPaused(IBinder token) {
final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
synchronized(this) {
ActivityStack stack = ActivityRecord.getStackLocked(token);
if (stack != null) {
stack.activityPausedLocked(token, false);
}
}
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
}
final void activityPausedLocked(IBinder token, boolean timeout) {
final ActivityRecord r = isInStackLocked(token);
if (r != null) {
mHandler.removeMessages(PAUSE_TIMEOUT_MSG, r);
if (mPausingActivity == r) {
if (DEBUG_STATES) Slog.v(TAG_STATES, "Moving to PAUSED: " + r
+ (timeout ? " (due to timeout)" : " (pause complete)"));
mService.mWindowManager.deferSurfaceLayout();
try {
completePauseLocked(true /* resumeNext */, null /* resumingActivity */);
} finally {
mService.mWindowManager.continueSurfaceLayout();
}
return;
}
}
private void completePauseLocked(boolean resumeNext, ActivityRecord resuming) {
if (resumeNext) {
final ActivityStack topStack = mStackSupervisor.getFocusedStack();
//1
if (!mService.isSleepingOrShuttingDownLocked()) {
mStackSupervisor.resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked(topStack, prev, null);
} else {
mStackSupervisor.checkReadyForSleepLocked();
ActivityRecord top = topStack.topRunningActivityLocked();
if (top == null || (prev != null && top != prev)) {
// If there are no more activities available to run, do resume anyway to start
// something. Also if the top activity on the stack is not the just paused
// activity, we need to go ahead and resume it to ensure we complete an
// in-flight app switch.
mStackSupervisor.resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked();
}
}
}
}
注释1处检查系统是不是正在进入睡眠或者关闭状态，如果不是就会调用resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked
boolean resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked(
ActivityStack targetStack, ActivityRecord target, ActivityOptions targetOptions) {
if (targetStack != null && isFocusedStack(targetStack)) {
return targetStack.resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(target, targetOptions);
}
final ActivityRecord r = mFocusedStack.topRunningActivityLocked();
if (r == null || r.state != RESUMED) {
mFocusedStack.resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(null, null);
} else if (r.state == RESUMED) {
// Kick off any lingering app transitions form the MoveTaskToFront operation.
mFocusedStack.executeAppTransition(targetOptions);
}
return false;
}
private boolean resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(ActivityRecord prev, ActivityOptions options) {
final ActivityRecord next = topRunningActivityLocked(true /* focusableOnly */);
if (next.app != null && next.app.thread != null) {
...
}else {
// Whoops, need to restart this activity!
if (!next.hasBeenLaunched) {
next.hasBeenLaunched = true;
} else {
if (SHOW_APP_STARTING_PREVIEW) {
next.showStartingWindow(null /* prev */, false /* newTask */,
false /* taskSwich */);
}
if (DEBUG_SWITCH) Slog.v(TAG_SWITCH, "Restarting: " + next);
}
if (DEBUG_STATES) Slog.d(TAG_STATES, "resumeTopActivityLocked: Restarting " + next);
mStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivityLocked(next, true, true);
}
}
由于 topRunningActivityLocked获取的是位于Activity堆栈顶端的，即将启动的activity的一个ActivityRecord对象。由于对应Activity还没有启动，因此app为null
void startSpecificActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r,
boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) {
// 1 Is this activity's application already running?
ProcessRecord app = mService.getProcessRecordLocked(r.processName,
r.info.applicationInfo.uid, true);
r.getStack().setLaunchTime(r);
// 2
if (app != null && app.thread != null) {
try {
if ((r.info.flags&ActivityInfo.FLAG_MULTIPROCESS) == 0
|| !"android".equals(r.info.packageName)) {
// Don't add this if it is a platform component that is marked
// to run in multiple processes, because this is actually
// part of the framework so doesn't make sense to track as a
// separate apk in the process.
app.addPackage(r.info.packageName, r.info.applicationInfo.versionCode,
mService.mProcessStats);
}
realStartActivityLocked(r, app, andResume, checkConfig);
return;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Exception when starting activity "
+ r.intent.getComponent().flattenToShortString(), e);
}
// If a dead object exception was thrown -- fall through to
// restart the application.
}
mService.startProcessLocked(r.processName, r.info.applicationInfo, true, 0,
"activity", r.intent.getComponent(), false, false, true);
}
在AMS中每个Activity组件都有一个用户ID和一个进程名称；其中用户ID是在安装该Activity时有PMS分配的，而进程名称则是由该Activity的android:process属性决定。AMS在启动一个Activity时，首先会用它的用户ID和进程名称来检查系统中是否存在一个对应的应用程序进程。如果存在，就会直接通知这个应用程序将该Activity启动起来，否则，就会先以这个用户ID和进程名称创建一个应用程序进程，然后再通知这个应用程序进程将该Activity启动起来。
注释1就是获取应用程序进程是否已经存在，如果存在就会直接调用realStartActivityLocked来启动该Activity，否则就会调用startProcessLocked为该Activity创建一个应用程序进程，然后将它启动起来。由于是第一次启动应用程序，这时候不可能存在所需的应用程序进程，因此会调用startProcessLocked来创建一个应用程序进程。
final ProcessRecord startProcessLocked(String processName,
ApplicationInfo info, boolean knownToBeDead, int intentFlags,
String hostingType, ComponentName hostingName, boolean allowWhileBooting,
boolean isolated, boolean keepIfLarge) {
return startProcessLocked(processName, info, knownToBeDead, intentFlags, hostingType,
hostingName, allowWhileBooting, isolated, 0 /* isolatedUid */, keepIfLarge,
null /* ABI override */, null /* entryPoint */, null /* entryPointArgs */,
null /* crashHandler */);
}
final ProcessRecord startProcessLocked(String processName, ApplicationInfo info,
boolean knownToBeDead, int intentFlags, String hostingType, ComponentName hostingName,
boolean allowWhileBooting, boolean isolated, int isolatedUid, boolean keepIfLarge,
String abiOverride, String entryPoint, String[] entryPointArgs, Runnable crashHandler) {
if (hostingType.equals("webview_service")) {
startResult = startWebView(entryPoint,
app.processName, uid, uid, gids, debugFlags, mountExternal,
app.info.targetSdkVersion, seInfo, requiredAbi, instructionSet,
app.info.dataDir, null, entryPointArgs);
} else {
startResult = Process.start(entryPoint,
app.processName, uid, uid, gids, debugFlags, mountExternal,
app.info.targetSdkVersion, seInfo, requiredAbi, instructionSet,
app.info.dataDir, invokeWith, entryPointArgs);
}
}
在函数中调用了Process类的静态成员函数start来启动一个新的应用程序进程，该函数指定该进程的入口函数为android.app.ActivityThread类的静态成员函数main,接下来就开始一个新的应用程序进程启动。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Make sure TrustedCertificateStore looks in the right place for CA certificates
final File configDir = Environment.getUserConfigDirectory(UserHandle.myUserId());
TrustedCertificateStore.setDefaultUserDirectory(configDir);
Process.setArgV0("<pre-initialized>");
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(false);
if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
}
Looper.loop();
}
该函数主要做了两件事情：
- 在进程中创建一个ActivityThread对象，并调用它的成员函数attach向AMS发送一个启动完成通知。
- 调用Looper.prepareMainLooper()创建一个消息循环，并且在向AMS发送启动完成通知后，使得当前进程进入消息循环中。
private void attach(boolean system) {
sCurrentActivityThread = this;
mSystemThread = system;
if (!system) {
ViewRootImpl.addFirstDrawHandler(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
ensureJitEnabled();
}
});
android.ddm.DdmHandleAppName.setAppName("<pre-initialized>",
UserHandle.myUserId());
RuntimeInit.setApplicationObject(mAppThread.asBinder());
final IActivityManager mgr = ActivityManager.getService();
try {
mgr.attachApplication(mAppThread);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
}
}
在该函数中获取AMS对象，然后调用它的成员函数attachApplication将创建的ApplicationThread对象传递给AMS
frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java
@Override
public final void attachApplication(IApplicationThread thread) {
synchronized (this) {
int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
attachApplicationLocked(thread, callingPid);
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
}
}
private final boolean attachApplicationLocked(IApplicationThread thread,
int pid) {
ProcessRecord app;
// Find the application record that is being attached... either via
// the pid if we are running in multiple processes, or just pull the
// next app record if we are emulating process with anonymous threads.
//1
long startTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
if (pid != MY_PID && pid >= 0) {
synchronized (mPidsSelfLocked) {
app = mPidsSelfLocked.get(pid);
}
} else {
app = null;
}
...
app.makeActive(thread, mProcessStats);
app.curAdj = app.setAdj = app.verifiedAdj = ProcessList.INVALID_ADJ;
app.curSchedGroup = app.setSchedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_DEFAULT;
app.forcingToImportant = null;
updateProcessForegroundLocked(app, false, false);
app.hasShownUi = false;
app.debugging = false;
app.cached = false;
app.killedByAm = false;
app.killed = false;
app.unlocked = StorageManager.isUserKeyUnlocked(app.userId);
mHandler.removeMessages(PROC_START_TIMEOUT_MSG, app);
boolean normalMode = mProcessesReady ||isAllowedWhileBooting(app.info);
...
// 2 See if the top visible activity is waiting to run in this process...
if (normalMode) {
try {
if (mStackSupervisor.attachApplicationLocked(app)) {
didSomething = true;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
Slog.wtf(TAG, "Exception thrown launching activities in " + app, e);
badApp = true;
}
}
...
}
参数pid指向了前面创建的应用程序进程PID,AMS以这个PID为关键字将ProcessRecord对象保存在成员变量mPidsSelfLocked中。注释1处通过pid将这个ProcessRecord对象取回来，并保存在变量app中。 由于normalMode未true注释2处调用attachApplicationLocked
frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStackSupervisor.java
boolean attachApplicationLocked(ProcessRecord app) throws RemoteException {
final String processName = app.processName;
boolean didSomething = false;
for (int displayNdx = mActivityDisplays.size() - 1; displayNdx >= 0; --displayNdx) {
ArrayList<ActivityStack> stacks = mActivityDisplays.valueAt(displayNdx).mStacks;
for (int stackNdx = stacks.size() - 1; stackNdx >= 0; --stackNdx) {
final ActivityStack stack = stacks.get(stackNdx);
if (!isFocusedStack(stack)) {
continue;
}
ActivityRecord hr = stack.topRunningActivityLocked();
if (hr != null) {
if (hr.app == null && app.uid == hr.info.applicationInfo.uid
&& processName.equals(hr.processName)) {
try {
if (realStartActivityLocked(hr, app, true, true)) {
didSomething = true;
}
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Exception in new application when starting activity "
+ hr.intent.getComponent().flattenToShortString(), e);
throw e;
}
}
}
}
}
if (!didSomething) {
ensureActivitiesVisibleLocked(null, 0, !PRESERVE_WINDOWS);
}
return didSomething;
}
由于目标Activity还没有和应用进程绑定hr.app为null,因此会调用realStartActivityLocked方法
final boolean realStartActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, ProcessRecord app,
boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig){
...
r.app = app;
app.waitingToKill = null;
r.launchCount++;
r.lastLaunchTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
//1
app.thread.scheduleLaunchActivity(new Intent(r.intent), r.appToken,
System.identityHashCode(r), r.info,
// TODO: Have this take the merged configuration instead of separate global and
// override configs.
mergedConfiguration.getGlobalConfiguration(),
mergedConfiguration.getOverrideConfiguration(), r.compat,
r.launchedFromPackage, task.voiceInteractor, app.repProcState, r.icicle,
r.persistentState, results, newIntents, !andResume,
mService.isNextTransitionForward(), profilerInfo);
...
}
注释1处会调用app.thread.scheduleLaunchActivity来通知前面创建的的应用程序进程参数r所描述的一个Activity。
/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
@Override
public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident,
ActivityInfo info, Configuration curConfig, Configuration overrideConfig,
CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
int procState, Bundle state, PersistableBundle persistentState,
List<ResultInfo> pendingResults, List<ReferrerIntent> pendingNewIntents,
boolean notResumed, boolean isForward, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo) {
updateProcessState(procState, false);
ActivityClientRecord r = new ActivityClientRecord();
r.token = token;
r.ident = ident;
r.intent = intent;
r.referrer = referrer;
r.voiceInteractor = voiceInteractor;
r.activityInfo = info;
r.compatInfo = compatInfo;
r.state = state;
r.persistentState = persistentState;
r.pendingResults = pendingResults;
r.pendingIntents = pendingNewIntents;
r.startsNotResumed = notResumed;
r.isForward = isForward;
r.profilerInfo = profilerInfo;
r.overrideConfig = overrideConfig;
updatePendingConfiguration(curConfig);
sendMessage(H.LAUNCH_ACTIVITY, r);
}
private void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent, String reason) {
Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);
if (a != null) {
r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration);
reportSizeConfigurations(r);
Bundle oldState = r.state;
handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward,
!r.activity.mFinished && !r.startsNotResumed, r.lastProcessedSeq, reason);
if (!r.activity.mFinished && r.startsNotResumed) {
// The activity manager actually wants this one to start out paused, because it
// needs to be visible but isn't in the foreground. We accomplish this by going
// through the normal startup (because activities expect to go through onResume()
// the first time they run, before their window is displayed), and then pausing it.
// However, in this case we do -not- need to do the full pause cycle (of freezing
// and such) because the activity manager assumes it can just retain the current
// state it has.
performPauseActivityIfNeeded(r, reason);
// We need to keep around the original state, in case we need to be created again.
// But we only do this for pre-Honeycomb apps, which always save their state when
// pausing, so we can not have them save their state when restarting from a paused
// state. For HC and later, we want to (and can) let the state be saved as the
// normal part of stopping the activity.
if (r.isPreHoneycomb()) {
r.state = oldState;
}
}
}
}
在该方法中会调用performLaunchActivity和handleResumeActivity方法。
private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
ContextImpl appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r);
Activity activity = null;
try {
java.lang.ClassLoader cl = appContext.getClassLoader();
activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass());
r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
r.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
if (r.state != null) {
r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to instantiate activity " + component
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window, r.configCallback);
if (r.isPersistable()) {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state, r.persistentState);
} else {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);
}
if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
activity.performStart();
r.stopped = false;
}
}
方法中会调用Actvity的onCreate和onStart方法，Activity正是启动了。
参考资料
《Android系统源码情景分析》罗升阳
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