场景
- 聊天室程序的创建。服务器创建好后,A,B,C三个客户端连上来公开聊天。A向服务器发送数据,服务器端聊天数据改变。我们希望将这些聊天数据分别发给其他在线的客户。也就是说,每个客户端需要更新服务器端的数据
- 网站上,很多人订阅新闻。当有某个主题的新闻时,就会将这些新闻发给所有订阅的人。
- 大家一起玩CS游戏时,服务器需要将每个人的方位变化发送给所有的客户。
- 上面这些场景,我们都可以使用观察者模式来处理。我们可以把多个订阅者、客户称之为观察者;需要同步给多个订阅者的数据封装到对象中,称之为目标。
核心
- 观察者模式主要用于1:N的通知。当一个对象(目标对象Subject或Objservable)的状态变化时,他需要及时告知一系列对象(观察者对象,Observer),令他们作出响应
- 通知观察者的方式:
- 推:每次都会把通知以广播的方式发送给所有观察者,所有观察者只能被动的接收
- 拉:观察者只要知道有情况即可。至于什么时候获取内容,获取什么内容,都可以自主决定。
自定义代码
- Observer
package com.coderbean.observer;
/**
* Created by Chang on 15/10/5.
*/
public interface Observer {
void update(com.coderbean.observer.Subject subject);
}
- ObserverA
package com.coderbean.observer;
/**
* Created by Chang on 15/10/5.
*/
public class ObserverA implements Observer {
private int myState;
public int getMyState() {
return myState;
}
public void setMyState(int myState) {
this.myState = myState;
}
@Override
public void update(Subject subject) {
this.myState = ((ConcreteSubject)subject).getState();
}
}
- Subject
package com.coderbean.observer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by Chang on 15/10/5.
*/
public class Subject {
private List<Observer> list = new ArrayList<Observer>();
public void registerObserver(Observer observer){
list.add(observer);
}
public void removeObserver(Observer observer){
list.remove(observer);
}
//通知所有的观察者更新状态
public void notifiyAllObservers(){
for(Observer observer : list){
observer.update(this);
}
}
}
- ConcreteSubject
package com.coderbean.observer;
/**
* Created by Chang on 15/10/5.
*/
public class ConcreteSubject extends Subject {
private int state;
public int getState() {
return state;
}
public void setState(int state) {
this.state = state;
// 目标对象值发生变化,通知所有观察者更新
this.notifiyAllObservers();
}
}
- Client
package com.coderbean.observer;
/**
* Created by Chang on 15/10/5.
*/
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConcreteSubject subject = new ConcreteSubject();
//创建多个观察者对象
ObserverA observer = new ObserverA();
ObserverA observer1 = new ObserverA();
ObserverA observer2 = new ObserverA();
// 添加到subject中
subject.registerObserver(observer);
subject.registerObserver(observer1);
subject.registerObserver(observer2);
//改变subject的状态
subject.setState(3000);
//观察着的状态
System.out.println(observer.getMyState());
System.out.println(observer1.getMyState());
System.out.println(observer2.getMyState());
}
}
使用JavaSE中的类实现
- ConcreteSubject
package com.coderbean.observer2;
import java.util.Observable;
/**
* Created by Chang on 15/10/5.
* 目标对象
*/
public class ConcreteSubject extends Observable {
private int state;
public int getState() {
return state;
}
public void setState(int state){
this.state = state;
setChanged(); //表示目标队形已经做了更改
notifyObservers(state); //通知所有的观察者
}
}
- ObserverA
“`java
package com.coderbean.observer2;
import com.coderbean.observer.*;
import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;
/**
* Created by Chang on 15/10/5.
*/
public class ObserverA implements Observer {
private int state;
public int getState() {
return state;
}
public void setState(int state) {
this.state = state;
}
@Override
public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
this.state = ((com.coderbean.observer2.ConcreteSubject)o).getState();
}
}
- Client
```java
package com.coderbean.observer2;
/**
* Created by Chang on 15/10/5.
*/
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConcreteSubject subject = new ConcreteSubject();
ObserverA observerA = new ObserverA();
ObserverA observerA1 = new ObserverA();
ObserverA observerA2 = new ObserverA();
subject.addObserver(observerA);
subject.addObserver(observerA1);
subject.addObserver(observerA2);;
subject.setState(2000);
System.out.println(observerA.getState());
System.out.println(observerA1.getState());
System.out.println(observerA2.getState());
}
}