JPA--环境搭建

JPA环境搭建

创建Maven工程并导入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

4.0.0

<groupId>pers.zhang</groupId>
<artifactId>JPA_Pro</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

<properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</project.hibernate.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <!-- junit -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- hibernate对jpa的支持包 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
        <version>${project.hibernate.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- c3p0 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
        <version>${project.hibernate.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- log日志 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.17</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Mysql and MariaDB -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.6</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

```

配置jpa的核心配置文件

• 位置：类路径下的一个叫做 META-INF 的文件夹下
• 文件名：persistence.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" version="2.0">
    <!-- 需要配置persistence-unit节点
        持久化单元:
            name:持久化单元名称
            transaction-type:事务管理的放肆
                JTA：分布式事务管理
                RESOURCE_LOCAL：本地事务管理
    -->
    <persistence-unit name="myJpa" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
        <!--jpa的实现方式-->
        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>

        <!--配置JPA实现方的配置信息-->
        <properties>
            <!--数据库信息-->
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="root"/>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="123456"/>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:mysql:///chapter05"/>

            <!--
                可选配置：
                    显示sql： false | true
                    自动创建数据库表：   hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto
                            create：程序运行时创建数据库表（有表删除表再创建）
                            update：程序运行时创建数据库表（有表不再创建，没有则创建）
                            none：不会创建表
            -->
            <!--：显示sql-->
            <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>
            <!--：自动创建表-->
            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create"/>

        </properties>
    </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

使用IDEA添加数据源

注意：关联mysql失败_Server returns invalid timezone. Go to ‘Advanced’ tab and set ‘serverTimezon’

解决方案：MySQL默认的时区是UTC时区，比北京时间晚8个小时，所以要修改mysql的时长。

在mysql的命令模式下，输入：

set global time_zone='+8:00';

编写实体类并关联表

package pers.zhang.domain;

/**
 * @author zhang
 * @date 2019/12/14 - 20:17
 */

import javax.persistence.*;

/**
 * 配置映射关系
 *  1.实体类和表的映射关系
 *      @Entity:声明实体类
 *      @Table：配置实体类和表的映射关系
 *        name:配置数据库表的名称
 *  2.实体类中属性和表中字段的映射关系
 *
 *
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "cst_customer")
public class Customer {

    /*
      @Id：配置主键
      @GeneratedValue：配置主键的生成策略
            GenerationType.IDENTITY：自增
      @Column：配置属性和字段的映射关系
            name：表中字段名
     */
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "cust_id")
    private Long custId;//客户主键

    @Column(name = "cust_name")
    private String custName;//客户名称

    @Column(name = "cust_source")
    private String custSource;//客户来源

    @Column(name = "cust_industry")
    private String custIndustry;//客户所属行业

    @Column(name = "cust_level")
    private String custLevel;//客户级别

    @Column(name = "cust_address")
    private String custAddress;//客户地址

    @Column(name = "cust_phone")
    private String custPhone;//客户电话

    public Long getCustId() {
        return custId;
    }

    public void setCustId(Long custId) {
        this.custId = custId;
    }

    public String getCustName() {
        return custName;
    }

    public void setCustName(String custName) {
        this.custName = custName;
    }

    public String getCustSource() {
        return custSource;
    }

    public void setCustSource(String custSource) {
        this.custSource = custSource;
    }

    public String getCustIndustry() {
        return custIndustry;
    }

    public void setCustIndustry(String custIndustry) {
        this.custIndustry = custIndustry;
    }

    public String getCustLevel() {
        return custLevel;
    }

    public void setCustLevel(String custLevel) {
        this.custLevel = custLevel;
    }

    public String getCustAddress() {
        return custAddress;
    }

    public void setCustAddress(String custAddress) {
        this.custAddress = custAddress;
    }

    public String getCustPhone() {
        return custPhone;
    }

    public void setCustPhone(String custPhone) {
        this.custPhone = custPhone;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Customer{" +
                "custId=" + custId +
                ", custName='" + custName + '\'' +
                ", custSource='" + custSource + '\'' +
                ", custIndustry='" + custIndustry + '\'' +
                ", custLevel='" + custLevel + '\'' +
                ", custAddress='" + custAddress + '\'' +
                ", custPhone='" + custPhone + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

测试：

package pers.zhang.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import pers.zhang.domain.Customer;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;

/**
 * @author zhang
 * @date 2019/12/14 - 20:31
 */
public class JpaTest {

    /*
        JPA的操作步骤：
            1.加载配置文件创建工厂对象（实体管理类工厂）
            2.通过实体管理类工厂获取实体管理器
            3.获取事务对象，开启事务
            4.进行CRUD
            5.提交事务或回滚事务
            6.释放资源
     */
    @Test
    public void saveTest(){
        //1.加载配置文件创建工厂对象（实体管理类工厂）
        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("myJpa");
        //2.通过实体管理类工厂获取实体管理器
        EntityManager entityManager = factory.createEntityManager();
        //3.获取事务对象，开启事务
        EntityTransaction transaction = entityManager.getTransaction();
        transaction.begin();
        //4.进行CRUD
        Customer customer = new Customer();
        customer.setCustName("阿里巴巴");
        customer.setCustIndustry("电商");
        //保存
        entityManager.persist(customer);
        //5.提交事务或回滚事务
        transaction.commit();
        //6.释放资源
        entityManager.close();
        factory.close();

    }
}

后台输出：

Hibernate: drop table if exists cst_customer
Hibernate: create table cst_customer (cust_id bigint not null auto_increment, cust_address varchar(255), cust_industry varchar(255), cust_level varchar(255), cust_name varchar(255), cust_phone varchar(255), cust_source varchar(255), primary key (cust_id))
Hibernate: insert into cst_customer (cust_address, cust_industry, cust_level, cust_name, cust_phone, cust_source) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)