python 神经网络编程

根据《python 神经网络编程》（【英】塔里克.拉希德 tariq r中国工信出版社，人民邮电出版社）进行了初步实践，发现该书是入门的不二之选。

环境：

1、IDE：sublime_txt，配合python的相关插件

2、编译运行环境，推荐使用virtualenv沙盒环境

程序

# neural network class definition
import numpy
import scipy.special
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


class NeuralNetwork:

    # initialise the neural network
    def __init__(self, inputnodes, hiddennodes, outputnodes, learningrate):
        # set number of nodes in each input,hidden,output layer
        self.inodes = inputnodes
        self.hnodes = hiddennodes
        self.onodes = outputnodes

        # link weight matrices , wih and who
        # weights inside the arrays w_i_j, where link is from node i to node j in the next layer
        self.wih = numpy.random.normal(
            0.0, pow(self.hnodes, -0.5), (self.hnodes, self.inodes))
        self.who = numpy.random.normal(
            0.0, pow(self.onodes, -0.5), (self.onodes, self.hnodes))

        # learning rate
        self.lr = learningrate

        # activation function is the sigmod function
        self.activation_function = lambda x: scipy.special.expit(x)
        pass

    # train the neural network
    def train(self, inputs_list, targets_list):
        # convert input list to 2d array
        inputs = numpy.array(inputs_list, ndmin=2).T
        targets = numpy.array(targets_list, ndmin=2).T

        # calculate signals into hidden layer
        hidden_inputs = numpy.dot(self.wih, inputs)
        # calcuate the signals emerging from hidden layer
        hidden_outputs = self.activation_function(hidden_inputs)

        # calculate signals into final output layer
        final_inputs = numpy.dot(self.who, hidden_outputs)
        # calcaute signals emerging from final outp
        final_outputs = self.activation_function(final_inputs)

        # errro is the target-acutal
        output_errors = targets - final_outputs
        # hidden layer error is the output_errors, split by weights,recombined at hidden nodes
        hidden_errors = numpy.dot(self.who.T, output_errors)
        # update the weights for the links between the hidden and output layers
        self.who += self.lr * numpy.dot((output_errors * final_outputs * (
            1.0 - final_outputs)), numpy.transpose(hidden_outputs))
        # update the weights for the links between the input and hidden layers
        self.wih += self.lr * \
            numpy.dot((hidden_errors * hidden_outputs *
                       (1.0 - hidden_outputs)), numpy.transpose(inputs))

        pass

    # query the neural network
    def query(self, inputs_list):
        # convert inputs list to 2d array
        inputs = numpy.array(inputs_list, ndmin=2).T

        # calculate signals into hidden layer
        hidden_inputs = numpy.dot(self.wih, inputs)
        # calcuate the signals emerging from hidden layer
        hidden_outputs = self.activation_function(hidden_inputs)

        # calculate signals into final output layer
        final_inputs = numpy.dot(self.who, hidden_outputs)
        # calcaute signals emerging from final outp
        final_outputs = self.activation_function(final_inputs)

        return final_outputs


if __name__ == '__main__':
    input_nodes = 784
    hidden_nodes = 100
    output_nodes = 10
    learningrate = 0.3
    nn = NeuralNetwork(input_nodes, hidden_nodes, output_nodes, learningrate)

    # read training dataset
    training_data_file = open("mnist_dataset/mnist_train_100.csv", 'r')
    training_data_list = training_data_file.readlines()
    training_data_file.close()

    # go through all records in the training data set
    for record in training_data_list:
        # split the record by ',' commas
        all_values = record.split(',')
        # scale and shift the inputs
        inputs = (numpy.asfarray(all_values[1:])/255.0*0.99)+0.01
        # create the target output values (all 0.01 ,except the desired label which is 0.99)
        targets = numpy.zeros(output_nodes)+0.01
        # all_values[0] is the target label for this record
        targets[int(all_values[0])] = 0.99
        nn.train(inputs, targets)
        pass

    # load the mnist test data csv fie into a list
    test_data_file = open("mnist_dataset/mnist_test_10.csv", 'r')
    test_data_list = test_data_file.readlines()
    test_data_file.close()

    scorecard = []
    for record in test_data_list:
        all_values = record.split(',')
        correct_lable = int(all_values[0])
        print(correct_lable, "correct_lable")
        inputs = (numpy.asfarray(all_values[1:])/255.0*0.99)+0.01
        outputs = nn.query(inputs)
        label = numpy.argmax(outputs)
        print(label, "network answer")
        if (label == correct_lable):
            scorecard.append(1)
        else:
            scorecard.append(0)
            pass
        pass

    print scorecard

    # calculate the performance score
    scorecard_array = numpy.asarray(scorecard)
    print("performance = ", float(scorecard_array.sum())/scorecard_array.size)
    #image_array = numpy.asfarray(all_values[1:]).reshape((28,28))
    # plt.imshow(image_array,cmap='Greys',interpolation='None')
    # plt.show()

说明：

1、代码逻辑很简单，需要详细的解读请参考书

2、在开发国产中，涉及第三方import进来包的使用，如果有错误，请在python交互环境下验证，验证正确下写在程序中

3、比如这一块， # plt.imshow(image_array,cmap='Greys',interpolation='None')，需要通过 # plt.show()来绘制