分区表

分区表
 

将已存在数据的普通表转变为分区表，没有办法通过修改属性的方式直接转化为分区表，必须通过重建的方式进行转变，一般可以有三种方法，视不同场景使用：

用例：

方法一：利用原表重建分区表。

CREATE TABLE T (ID NUMBER PRIMARY KEY, TIME DATE);
INSERT INTO T
SELECT ROWNUM, SYSDATE - ROWNUM FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE ROWNUM <= 5000;
COMMIT;

CREATE TABLE T_NEW (ID, TIME) PARTITION BY RANGE (TIME)
(PARTITION P1 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2000-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')),
PARTITION P2 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2002-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')),
PARTITION P3 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2005-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')),
PARTITION P4 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE))
AS SELECT ID, TIME FROM T;

 

RENAME T TO T_OLD;

RENAME T_NEW TO T;

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T;

COUNT(*)
----------
5000

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T PARTITION (P1);

COUNT(*)
----------
2946

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T PARTITION (P2);

COUNT(*)
----------
731

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T PARTITION (P3);

COUNT(*)
----------
1096

优点：方法简单易用，由于采用DDL语句，不会产生UNDO，且只产生少量REDO，效率相对较高，而且建表完成后数据已经在分布到各个分区中了。

不足：对于数据的一致性方面还需要额外的考虑。由于几乎没有办法通过手工锁定T表的方式保证一致性，在执行CREATE TABLE语句和RENAME T_NEW TO T语句直接的修改可能会丢

失，如果要保证一致性，需要在执行完语句后对数据进行检查，而这个代价是比较大的。另外在执行两个RENAME语句之间执行的对T的访问会失败。

适用于修改不频繁的表，在闲时进行操作，表的数据量不宜太大。

 

方法二：使用交换分区的方法。

Drop table t;

CREATE TABLE T (ID NUMBER PRIMARY KEY, TIME DATE);

INSERT INTO T
SELECT ROWNUM, SYSDATE - ROWNUM FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE ROWNUM <= 5000;

COMMIT;

CREATE TABLE T_NEW (ID NUMBER PRIMARY KEY, TIME DATE)
PARTITION BY RANGE (TIME)
(
 PARTITION P1 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2005-9-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')),
 PARTITION P2 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE)
);

 

ALTER TABLE T_NEW EXCHANGE PARTITION P1 WITH TABLE T;

RENAME T TO T_OLD;

RENAME T_NEW TO T;

 

优点：只是对数据字典中分区和表的定义进行了修改，没有数据的修改或复制，效率最高。如果对数据在分区中的分布没有进一步要求的话，实现比较简单。在执行完RENAME操作

后，可以检查T_OLD中是否存在数据，如果存在的话，直接将这些数据插入到T中，可以保证对T插入的操作不会丢失。

不足：仍然存在一致性问题，交换分区之后RENAME T_NEW TO T之前，查询、更新和删除会出现错误或访问不到数据。如果要求数据分布到多个分区中，则需要进行分区的SPLIT操

作，会增加操作的复杂度，效率也会降低。

适用于包含大数据量的表转到分区表中的一个分区的操作。应尽量在闲时进行操作。

 
分区管理：

增加分区：
alter table t add partition P5 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2007-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD'));

如果已有maxvalue分区，不能增加分区，可以采取分裂分区的办法增加分区！
tstuser@RMIS> alter table t add partition P5 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2007-1-1
', 'YYYY-MM-DD'));
alter table t add partition P5 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2007-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD
'))
                            *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-14074: partition bound must collate higher than that of the last partition

分裂分区：
alter table t split partition p4 at (TO_DATE('2007-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')) into (partition p4,partition p5);

查看分区信息：
select  a.table_name,a.partitioning_type,a.partition_count,a.partitioning_key_count from user_part_tables a ;
select a.table_name,a.partition_name,a.high_value  from user_tab_partitions a where a.table_name='T';

截短分区:
alter table T truncate partition P5;

合并分区：

alter table t merge partitions p3, p4 into partition p4;

删除分区：

ALTER TABLE t DROP PARTITION p5;

 

测试过程：

 

tstuser@RMIS> CREATE TABLE T (ID NUMBER PRIMARY KEY, TIME DATE);

Table created.

tstuser@RMIS> INSERT INTO T
  2  SELECT ROWNUM, SYSDATE - ROWNUM FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE ROWNUM <= 5000;

5000 rows created.

tstuser@RMIS> COMMIT;

Commit complete.

tstuser@RMIS> CREATE TABLE T_NEW (ID, TIME) PARTITION BY RANGE (TIME)
  2  (PARTITION P1 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2000-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')),
  3  PARTITION P2 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2002-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')),
  4  PARTITION P3 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2005-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')),
  5  PARTITION P4 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE))
  6  AS SELECT ID, TIME FROM T;

Table created.

tstuser@RMIS> RENAME T TO T_OLD;
RENAME T TO T_OLD
            *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00955: name is already used by an existing object

tstuser@RMIS> drop table t_old;

Table dropped.

tstuser@RMIS> RENAME T TO T_OLD;

Table renamed.

tstuser@RMIS> RENAME T_NEW TO T;

Table renamed.

tstuser@RMIS> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T;

  COUNT(*)
----------
      5000

tstuser@RMIS> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T PARTITION (P1);

  COUNT(*)
----------
      1574

tstuser@RMIS> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T PARTITION (P2);

  COUNT(*)
----------
       731

tstuser@RMIS> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T PARTITION (P3);

  COUNT(*)
----------
      1096

tstuser@RMIS> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T PARTITION (P4);

  COUNT(*)
----------
      1599

tstuser@RMIS> alter table t add partition P5 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2007-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD'));
alter table t add partition P5 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2007-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD'))
                            *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-14074: partition bound must collate higher than that of the last partition

tstuser@RMIS> select  a.table_name,a.partitioning_type,a.partition_count,a.partitioning_key_count from user_part_tables a ;

TABLE_NAME                                                   PARTITIONING_T PARTITION_COUNT PARTITIONING_KEY_COUNT
------------------------------------------------------------ -------------- --------------- ----------------------
T                                                            RANGE                        4                      1
TEST_PARTION                                                 RANGE                        5                      1

tstuser@RMIS> select a.table_name,a.partition_name,a.high_value  from user_tab_partitions a where a.table_name='T';

TABLE_NAME
------------------------------------------------------------
PARTITION_NAME
------------------------------------------------------------
HIGH_VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
T
P1
TO_DATE(' 2000-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
N')

T
P2
TO_DATE(' 2002-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
N')

T
P3
TO_DATE(' 2005-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
N')

T
P4
MAXVALUE

tstuser@RMIS> alter table t split partition p4 at (TO_DATE('2007-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')) into (partition p4,partition p5);

Table altered.

tstuser@RMIS> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T PARTITION (P4);

  COUNT(*)
----------
       730

tstuser@RMIS> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T PARTITION (P5);

  COUNT(*)
----------
       869

tstuser@RMIS> alter table T truncate partition P5;

Table truncated.

tstuser@RMIS> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T PARTITION (P5);

  COUNT(*)
----------
         0

tstuser@RMIS> alter table t merge partitions p3, p4 into partition p4;

Table altered.

tstuser@RMIS> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T PARTITION (P3);
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T PARTITION (P3)
                                  *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02149: Specified partition does not exist

tstuser@RMIS> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T PARTITION (P4);

  COUNT(*)
----------
      1826

tstuser@RMIS> ALTER TABLE t DROP PARTITION p5;

Table altered.

tstuser@RMIS> alter table t add partition P5 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2007-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD'));
alter table t add partition P5 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2007-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD'))
                            *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-14074: partition bound must collate higher than that of the last partition

tstuser@RMIS> alter table t add partition P5 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2008-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD'));

Table altered.

tstuser@RMIS> spool off;

来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：http://blog.itpub.net/8102208/viewspace-600421/，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。

转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/8102208/viewspace-600421/