Oracle数据库迁移之一：RMAN

数据库的迁移方式千变万化，各有千秋。今天为大家呈现的是第一种方法，利用RMAN来完成数据库的迁移工作。

1.打开RMAN
[oracle@ENMOEDU ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sun Apr 6 17:52:06 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ENMOEDU (DBID=87396644)
RMAN> 

2.查看当前的配置信息并修改配置信息
RMAN> show all;

RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ENMOEDU are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_ENMOEDU.f'; # default

RMAN> CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

3.对数据库进行一次全备
RMAN> backup database include current controlfile plus archivelog;

Starting backup at 06-APR-14
current log archived
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

                             .

                            . 

                            .
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 06-APR-14

4.查看备份情况，删除冗余备份
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1       70.64M     DISK        00:00:00     06-APR-14      
        BP Key: 1   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20140406T181504
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU/backupset/2014_04_06/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20140406T181504_9n2b987h_.bkp

.

.

.

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
11      Full    9.36M      DISK        00:00:00     06-APR-14      
        BP Key: 11   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20140406T183542
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU/autobackup/2014_04_06/o1_mf_s_844194942_9n2chyvw_.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 04-APR-14
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ENMOEDU
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1302814      Ckp time: 06-APR-14

RMAN> delete obsolete;

RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Deleting the following obsolete backups and copies:
Type                 Key    Completion Time    Filename/Handle
-------------------- ------ ------------------ --------------------
Archive Log          1      06-APR-14          /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU/archivelog/2014_04_06/o1_mf_1_91_9n27s6o2_.arc

.

.

.

Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes

.

.

.

deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU/backupset/2014_04_06/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20140406T183529_9n2chwnm_.bkp RECID=9 STAMP=844194940
Deleted 11 objects

5.将快速恢复区下的备份发送到要建立数据库的主机上
[oracle@ENMOEDU ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/
[oracle@ENMOEDU fast_recovery_area]$ scp -r ENMOEDU/ oracle@192.168.80.11:/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/
oracle@192.168.80.11's password: 
o1_mf_1_95_9n2chxov_.arc                                                               100% 3072     3.0KB/s   00:00    
o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140406T183529_9n2chkgc_.bkp                                           100% 1059MB  53.0MB/s   00:20    
o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140406T183529_9n2chrl2_.bkp                                           100%  224MB  55.9MB/s   00:04    
o1_mf_annnn_TAG20140406T183541_9n2chxs6_.bkp                                           100% 4608     4.5KB/s   00:00    
o1_mf_s_844194942_9n2chyvw_.bkp                                                        100% 9600KB   9.4MB/s   00:00    
control02.ctl                                                                          100% 9520KB   9.3MB/s   00:00

6.在建立数据库的主机上查看传输过来的备份
[oracle@FRANK ~]$ ls /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/
ENMOEDU  FRANK
此时，数据库的备份传输成功。

7.利用RMAN恢复数据库
[oracle@FRANK ENMOEDU]$ export ORACLE_SID=ENMOEDU
[oracle@FRANK ENMOEDU]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
ENMOEDU
[oracle@FRANK ENMOEDU]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sat Mar 1 15:10:16 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> startup nomount
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area     171581440 bytes

Fixed Size                     1343668 bytes
Variable Size                117444428 bytes
Database Buffers              50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers                   2461696 bytes
1)恢复控制文件
RMAN> restore controlfile FROM AUTOBACKUP;

Starting restore at 01-MAR-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1

recovery area destination: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
database name (or database unique name) used for search: ENMOEDU
channel ORA_DISK_1: AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU/autobackup/2014_03_01/o1_mf_s_841048138_9k2bgbo1_.bkp found in the recovery area
AUTOBACKUP search with format "%F" not attempted because DBID was not set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file from AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU/autobackup/2014_03_01/o1_mf_s_841048138_9k2bgbo1_.bkp
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 03/01/2014 15:33:58
ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU/autobackup/2014_03_01/o1_mf_s_841048138_9k2bgbo1_.bkp
ORA-19504: failed to create file "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/control01.ctl"
ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 1

根据提示我们创建文件夹：
[oracle@FRANK 2014_04_06]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU

继续之前的恢复工作：
RMAN> restore controlfile FROM AUTOBACKUP;

Starting restore at 01-MAR-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1

recovery area destination: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
database name (or database unique name) used for search: ENMOEDU
channel ORA_DISK_1: AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU/autobackup/2014_03_01/o1_mf_s_841048138_9k2bgbo1_.bkp found in the recovery area
AUTOBACKUP search with format "%F" not attempted because DBID was not set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file from AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU/autobackup/2014_03_01/o1_mf_s_841048138_9k2bgbo1_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: control file restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 01-MAR-14

控制文件恢复成功。

2)将数据库启动到mount模式
RMAN> alter database mount;

database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1

启动成功。

3）恢复数据库文件
RMAN> restore database;

Starting restore at 01-MAR-14
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 01-MAR-14
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 9 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 01-MAR-14

                            .

                           . 

                           .
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU/backupset/2014_03_04/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140304T114802_9kbm7lm8_.bkp tag=TAG20140304T114802
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished restore at 01-MAR-14

RMAN> recover database;

Starting recover at 01-MAR-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 03/01/2014 15:53:22
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 9 and starting SCN of 1459216

由提示可得，归档日志已经用完，要应用在线日志来恢复数据库。

4）传输在线日志并应用
[oracle@ENMOEDU ENMOEDU]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/
[oracle@ENMOEDU ENMOEDU]$ ls
control01.ctl  redo01.log  redo03.log    system01.dbf  test01.dbf  undotbs01.dbf
example01.dbf  redo02.log  sysaux01.dbf  temp01.dbf    test02.dbf  users01.dbf
[oracle@ENMOEDU ENMOEDU]$ scp *.log oracle@192.168.80.11:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/
oracle@192.168.80.11's password: 
redo01.log                                                                                 100%   50MB  50.0MB/s   00:01 
redo02.log                                                                                 100%   50MB  50.0MB/s   00:01 
redo03.log                                                                                 100%   50MB  50.0MB/s   00:01 
 

RMAN> recover database;

Starting recover at 01-MAR-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 9 is already on disk as file
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/redo01.log
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/redo01.log thread=1 sequence=9
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00  
Finished recover at 01-MAR-14

至此，数据库迁移成功。


Frank
2014.04.06

--To be continued--

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