Recovery简介
Android利用Recovery模式,进行恢复出厂设置,OTA升级,patch升级及firmware升级。
升级一般通过运行升级包中的META-INF/com/google/android/update-script脚本来执行自定义升级,脚本中是一组recovery系统能识别的UI控制,文件系统操作命令,例如write_raw_image(写FLASH分区),copy_dir(复制目录)。该包一般被下载至SDCARD和CACHE分区下。如果对该包内容感兴趣,可以从http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=442480下载JF升级包来看看。
升级中还涉及到包的数字签名,签名方式和普通JAR文件签名差不错。公钥会被硬编译入recovery,编译时生成在:out/target/product/XX/obj/PACKAGING/ota_keys_inc_intermediates/keys.inc
G1中的三种启动模式
MAGIC KEY:
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camera + power:bootloader模式,ADP里则可以使用fastboot模式
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home + power:recovery模式
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正常启动
Bootloader正常启动,又有三种方式,按照BCB(Bootloader Control Block, 下节介绍)中的command分类:
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command == 'boot-recovery' → 启动recovery.img。recovery模式
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command == 'update-radio/hboot' → 更新firmware(bootloader)
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其他 → 启动boot.img
Recovery涉及到的其他系统及文件
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CACHE分区文件
Recovery 工具通过NAND cache分区上的三个文件和主系统打交道。主系统(包括恢复出厂设置和OTA升级)可以写入recovery所需的命令,读出recovery过程中的LOG和intent。
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/cache/recovery/command: recovery命令,由主系统写入。所有命令如下:
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--send_intent=anystring - write the text out to recovery.intent
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--update_package=root:path - verify install an OTA package file
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--wipe_data - erase user data (and cache), then reboot
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--wipe_cache - wipe cache (but not user data), then reboot
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/cache/recovery/log:recovery过程日志,由主系统读出
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/cache/recovery/intent:recovery输出的intent
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MISC分区内容
Bootloader Control Block (BCB) 存放recovery bootloader message。结构如下:
struct bootloader_message {
char command[32];
char recovery[1024];
};
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command可以有以下两个值
“boot-recovery”:标示recovery正在进行,或指示bootloader应该进入recovery mode
“update-hboot/radio”:指示bootloader更新firmware
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recovery内容
“recovery\n
<recovery command>\n
<recovery command>”
其中recovery command为CACHE:/recovery/command命令
两种Recovery Case
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FACTORY RESET(恢复出厂设置)
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用户选择“恢复出厂设置”
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设置系统将"--wipe_data"命令写入/cache/recovery/command
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系统重启,并进入recover模式(/sbin/recovery)
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get_args() 将 "boot-recovery"和"--wipe_data"写入BCB
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erase_root() 格式化(擦除)DATA分区
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erase_root() 格式化(擦除)CACHE分区
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finish_recovery() 擦除BCB
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重启系统
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OTA INSTALL(OTA升级)
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升级系统下载 OTA包到/cache/some-filename.zip
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升级系统写入recovery命令"--update_package=CACHE:some-filename.zip"
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重启,并进入recovery模式
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get_args() 将"boot-recovery" 和 "--update_package=..." 写入BCB
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install_package() 作升级
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finish_recovery() 擦除 BCB
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** 如果安装包失败 ** prompt_and_wait() 等待用户操作,选择ALT+S或ALT+W 升级或恢复出厂设置
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main() 调用 maybe_install_firmware_update()
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如果包里有hboot/radio的firmware则继续,否则返回
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将 "boot-recovery" 和 "--wipe_cache" 写入BCB
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将 firmware image写入cache分区
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将 "update-radio/hboot" 和 "--wipe_cache" 写入BCB
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重启系统
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bootloader自身更新firmware
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bootloader 将 "boot-recovery" 写入BCB
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erase_root() 擦除CACHE分区
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清除 BCB
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main() 调用 reboot() 重启系统
Recovery模式流程
/init → init.rc → /sbin/recovery →
main():recovery.c
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ui_init():ui.c [UI initialize]
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gr_init():minui/graphics.c [set tty0 to graphic mode, open fb0]
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ev_init():minui/events.c [open /dev/input/event*]
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res_create_surface:minui/resource.c [create surfaces for all bitmaps used later, include icons, bmps]
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create 2 threads: progress/input_thread [create progress show and input event handler thread]
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get_args():recovery.c
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get_bootloader_message():bootloader.c [read mtdblock0(misc partition) 2nd page for commandline]
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check if nand misc partition has boot message. If yes, fill argc/argv.
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If no, get arguments from /cache/recovery/command, and fill argc/argv.
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set_bootloader_message():bootloader.c [set bootloader message back to mtdblock0]
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Parser argv[] filled above
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register_update_commands():commands.c [ register all commands with name and hook function ]
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registerCommand():commands.c
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Register command with name, hook, type, cookie.
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Commands, e.g: assert, delete, copy_dir, symlink, write_raw_image.
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registerFunction():commands.c
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Register function with name, hook, cookie.
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Function, e.g: get_mark, matches, getprop, file_contains
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install_package():
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translate_root_path():roots.c [ "SYSTEM:lib" and turns it into a string like "/system/lib", translate the updater.zip path ]
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mzOpenZipArchive():zip.c [ open updater.zip file (uncompass) ]
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handle_update_package():install.c
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verify_jar_signature():verifier.c [ verify signature with keys.inc key; verify manifest and zip package archive ]
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verifySignature() [ verify the signature file: CERT.sf/rsa. ]
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digestEntry():verifier.c [ get SHA-1 digest of CERT.sf file ]
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RSA_verify(public key:keys.inc, signature:CERT.rsa, CERT.sf's digest):libc/rsa.c [ Verify a 2048 bit RSA PKCS1.5 signature against an expected SHA-1 hash. Use public key to decrypt the CERT.rsa to get original SHA digest, then compare to digest of CERT.sf ]
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verifyManifest() [ Get manifest SHA1-Digest from CERT.sf. Then do digest to MANIFEST.MF. Compare them ]
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verifyArchive() [ verify all the files in update.zip with digest listed in MANIFEST.MF ]
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find_update_script():install.c [ find META-INF/com/google/android/update-script updater script ]
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handle_update_script():install.c [ read cmds from script file, and do parser, exec ]
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parseAmendScript():amend.c [ call yyparse() to parse to command ]
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exeCommandList():install.c
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exeCommand():execute.c [ call command hook function ]
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erase DATA/CACHE partition
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prompt_and_wait():recovery.c [ wait for user input: 1) reboot 2) update.zip 3) wipe data ]
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ui_key_xxx get ALT+x keys
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1) do nothing
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2) install_package('SDCARD:update.zip')
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3) erase_root() → format_root_device() DATA/CACHE
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may_install_firmware_update():firmware.c [ remember_firmware_update() is called by write_hboot/radio_image command, it stores the bootloader image to CACHE partition, and write update-hboot/radio command to MISC partition for bootloader message to let bootloader update itself after reboot ]
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set_bootloader_message()
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write_update_for_bootloader():bootloader.c [ write firmware image into CACHE partition with update_header, busyimage and failimage ]
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finish_recovery():recovery.c [ clear the recovery command and prepare to boot a (hopefully working) system, copy our log file to cache as well (for the system to read), and record any intent we were asked to communicate back to the system. ]
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reboot()
Recovery模式流程图
以下流程图绘制了系统从启动加载bootloader后的行为流程。