设计模式之状态设计模式

• 什么是状态设计模式
  状态设计模式的作用是允许对象在状态改变时，改变其行为。如游戏中经常用到状态设计模式，因为游戏中的对象往往会非常频繁的改变状态
• 何时使用状态设计模式
  一个对象依赖于它的状态时，它肯定会频繁的改变，这种情况下，有状态设计模式既有绝对的优势

下面的示例代码是利用状态设计模式实现电灯的开灯和关灯。

<?php

class Context {

    private $offState;
    private $onState;
    private $currentstate;

    public function __construct() {
        $this->offState = new OffState($this);
        $this->onState = new OnState($this);
        $this->currentstate = $this->offState;
    }

    public function turnOnLight() {
        $this->currentstate->turnLightOn();
    }

    public function turnOffLight() {
        $this->currentstate->turnLightOff();
    }

    public function setState(IState $state) {
        $this->currentstate = $state;
    }

    public function getOnState() {
        return $this->onState;
    }

    public function getOffState() {
        return $this->offState;
    }

}

interface IState {

    public function turnLightOn();

    public function turnLightOff();
}

class OnState implements IState {

    private $context;

    function __construct(Context $context) {
        $this->context = $context;
    }

    public function turnLightOn() {
        echo "the light is already on->take no action<br>";
    }

    public function turnLightOff() {
        echo "Lights Off!!<br />";
        $this->context->setState($this->context->getOffState());
    }

}

class OffState implements IState {

    private $context;

    function __construct(Context $context) {
        $this->context = $context;
    }

    public function turnLightOn() {
        echo "Lights On!!<br />";
        $this->context->setState($this->context->getOnState());
    }

    public function turnLightOff() {
        echo "the light is already off->take no action<br>";
    }

}

class client {

    private $context;

    public function __construct() {
        $this->context = new Context();//context对象作为一个参与者，来跟踪状态对象所处的状态
        $this->context->turnOffLight(); 
        $this->context->turnOnLight();
        $this->context->turnOnLight();
        $this->context->turnOffLight();
        $this->context->turnOffLight();
    }

}

new client();

the light is already off->take no action
Lights On!!
the light is already on->take no action
Lights Off!!
the light is already off->take no action

• 总结
  状态设计模式是模拟器和游戏的主要方法，其实不局限与此，只要php程序的用户会用到一组有限的状态，开发人员就可以使用状态设计模式