版本比较、One Edit Distance 一个编辑距离、Reverse Words in a String 翻转字符串中的单词、single number

1.

Compare Version Numbers 版本比较

 

Compare two version numbers version1 and version2.
If version1 > version2 return 1; if version1 <version2 return -1;otherwise return 0.

You may assume that the version strings are non-empty and contain only digits and the . character.
The . character does not represent a decimal point and is used to separate number sequences.
For instance, 2.5 is not "two and a half" or "half way to version three", it is the fifth second-level revision of the second first-level revision.

Example 1:

Input: version1 = "0.1", version2 = "1.1"
Output: -1

Example 2:

Input: version1 = "1.0.1", version2 = "1"
Output: 1

Example 3:

Input: version1 = "7.5.2.4", version2 = "7.5.3"
Output: -1

class Solution {
public:
    int compareVersion(string version1, string version2) {
        int n1 = version1.size(), n2 = version2.size();
        int i = 0, j = 0, d1 = 0, d2 = 0;
        string v1, v2;
        while (i < n1 || j < n2) {
            while (i < n1 && version1[i] != '.') {
                v1.push_back(version1[i++]);
            }
            d1 = atoi(v1.c_str());
            while (j < n2 && version2[j] != '.') {
                v2.push_back(version2[j++]);
            }
            d2 = atoi(v2.c_str());
            if (d1 > d2) return 1;
            else if (d1 < d2) return -1;
            v1.clear(); v2.clear();
            ++i; ++j;
        }
        return 0;
    }
};

 

2.One Edit Distance 一个编辑距离

Given two strings S and T, determine if they are both one edit distance apart.

 

这道题是之前那道Edit Distance的拓展，然而这道题并没有那道题难，这道题只让我们判断两个字符串的编辑距离是否为1，那么我们只需分下列三种情况来考虑就行了：

1. 两个字符串的长度之差大于1，那么直接返回False

2. 两个字符串的长度之差等于1，那么长的那个字符串去掉一个字符，剩下的应该和短的字符串相同

3. 两个字符串的长度之差等于0，那么两个字符串对应位置的字符只能有一处不同。

分析清楚了所有的情况，代码就很好写了，参见如下：

 

class Solution {
public:
    bool isOneEditDistance(string s, string t) {
        if (s.size() < t.size()) swap(s, t);
        int m = s.size(), n = t.size(), diff = m - n;
        if (diff >= 2) return false;
        else if (diff == 1) {
            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                if (s[i] != t[i]) {
                    return s.substr(i + 1) == t.substr(i);
                }
            }
            return true;
        } else {
            int cnt = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
                if (s[i] != t[i]) ++cnt;
            }
            return cnt == 1;
        }
    }
};

3. Reverse Words in a String 翻转字符串中的单词

 

Given an input string, reverse the string word by word.

For example,
Given s = "the sky is blue",
return "blue is sky the".

Update (2015-02-12):
For C programmers: Try to solve it in-place in O(1) space.

click to show clarification.

Clarification:

• What constitutes a word?
  A sequence of non-space characters constitutes a word.
• Could the input string contain leading or trailing spaces?
  Yes. However, your reversed string should not contain leading or trailing spaces.
• How about multiple spaces between two words?
  Reduce them to a single space in the reversed string.

用字符串流类stringstream的解法，我们先把字符串装载入字符串流中，然后定义一个临时变量tmp，然后把第一个单词赋给s，这里需要注意的是，如果含有非空格字符，那么每次>>操作就会提取连在一起的非空格字符，那么我们每次将其加在s前面即可；如果原字符串为空，那么就不会进入while循环；如果原字符串为许多空格字符连在一起，那么第一个>>操作就会提取出这些空格字符放入s中，然后不进入while循环，这时候我们只要判断一下s的首字符是否为空格字符，是的话就将s清空即可，参见代码如下：

class Solution {
public:
    void reverseWords(string &s) {
        istringstream is(s);
        string tmp;
        is >> s;
        while(is >> tmp) s = tmp + " " + s;
        if(!s.empty() && s[0] == ' ') s = "";
    }
};

4.Single Number II 单独的数字之二

Given an array of integers, every element appears three times except for one. Find that single one.

Note:
Your algorithm should have a linear runtime complexity. Could you implement it without using extra memory?

 

这道题是之前那道 Single Number 单独的数字 的延伸，

利用计算机按位储存数字的特性来做的，这道题就是除了一个单独的数字之外，数组中其他的数字都出现了三次，那么还是要利用位操作 Bit Operation 来解此题。我们可以建立一个32位的数字，来统计每一位上1出现的个数，我们知道如果某一位上为1的话，那么如果该整数出现了三次，对3去余为0，我们把每个数的对应位都加起来对3取余，最终剩下来的那个数就是单独的数字。代码如下：

class Solution {
public:
    int singleNumber(vector<int>& nums) {
        int res = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
            int sum = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < nums.size(); ++j) {
                sum += (nums[j] >> i) & 1;
            }
            res |= (sum % 3) << i;
        }
        return res;
    }
};