Pyhton 函数作用域

最新推荐文章于 2021-08-27 23:55:37 发布

core571

最新推荐文章于 2021-08-27 23:55:37 发布

阅读量137

点赞数

分类专栏： python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/core571/article/details/105458307

版权

python 专栏收录该内容

45 篇文章 1 订阅

订阅专栏

变量的作用域

Python 是静态作用域，变量的作用域源于它在代码中的位置。在不同的位置，可能有不同的命名空间。

命名空间

是作用域的体现形式。

LEGB

L-local

函数的命名空间
当前整个函数体范围

E-Enclosing function locals

外部嵌套函数的命名空间
作用范围：闭包函数

G-Global

全局命名空间
作用范围：当前模块（文件）

B-Builtin

内建模块命名空间
作用范围：所有模块（文件）

注意

python 中没有块级作用域，比如if while for后的代码块。
按照L->E->G->B的顺序进行查找

局部变量

nonlocal 仅适用于闭包函数访问外层函数中的变量

locals() 用于查看局部变量。

全局变量

global 用于函数中访问全局变量

globals() 用于查看全局变量


a = 999
def test():
    global a 
    a = 6
    b = 10
    print(locals())
    print(globals())

test()

{‘b’: 10}
{‘name’: ‘main’, ‘doc’: None, ‘package’: ‘’, ‘loader’: None, ‘spec’: None, ‘file’: ‘d:\python\python\test3.py’, ‘cached’: None, ‘builtins’: {‘name’: ‘builtins’, ‘doc’: “Built-in functions, exceptions, and other objects.\n\nNoteworthy: None is the nil' object; Ellipsis represents…’ in slices.”, ‘package’: ‘’, ‘loader’: <class ‘_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter’>, ‘spec’: ModuleSpec(name=‘builtins’, loader=<class ‘_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter’>), ‘build_class’: , ‘import’: , ‘abs’: , ‘all’: , ‘any’: , ‘ascii’: , ‘bin’: , ‘breakpoint’: , ‘callable’: , ‘chr’: , ‘compile’: , ‘delattr’: , ‘dir’: , ‘divmod’: , ‘eval’: , ‘exec’: , ‘format’: , ‘getattr’: , ‘globals’: , ‘hasattr’: , ‘hash’: , ‘hex’: , ‘id’: , ‘input’: , ‘isinstance’: , ‘issubclass’: , ‘iter’: , ‘len’: , ‘locals’: , ‘max’: , ‘min’: , ‘next’: , ‘oct’: , ‘ord’: , ‘pow’: , ‘print’: , ‘repr’: , ‘round’: , ‘setattr’: , ‘sorted’: , ‘sum’: , ‘vars’: , ‘None’: None, ‘Ellipsis’: Ellipsis, ‘NotImplemented’: NotImplemented, ‘False’: False, ‘True’: True, ‘bool’: <class ‘bool’>, ‘memoryview’: <class ‘memoryview’>, ‘bytearray’: <class ‘bytearray’>, ‘bytes’: <class ‘bytes’>, ‘classmethod’: <class ‘classmethod’>,
‘complex’: <class ‘complex’>, ‘dict’: <class ‘dict’>, ‘enumerate’: <class ‘enumerate’>, ‘filter’: <class ‘filter’>, ‘float’: <class ‘float’>, ‘frozenset’: <class ‘frozenset’>, ‘property’: <class ‘property’>, ‘int’: <class ‘int’>, ‘list’: <class ‘list’>, ‘map’: <class ‘map’>, ‘object’: <class ‘object’>, ‘range’: <class ‘range’>,
‘reversed’: <class ‘reversed’>, ‘set’: <class ‘set’>, ‘slice’: <class ‘slice’>, ‘staticmethod’: <class ‘staticmethod’>, ‘str’: <class ‘str’>, ‘super’: <class ‘super’>, ‘tuple’: <class ‘tuple’>, ‘type’: <class ‘type’>, ‘zip’: <class ‘zip’>, ‘debug’: True, ‘BaseException’: <class ‘BaseException’>, ‘Exception’: <class ‘Exception’>, ‘TypeError’: <class ‘TypeError’>, ‘StopAsyncIteration’: <class ‘StopAsyncIteration’>, ‘StopIteration’: <class ‘StopIteration’>, ‘GeneratorExit’: <class ‘GeneratorExit’>, ‘SystemExit’: <class ‘SystemExit’>, ‘KeyboardInterrupt’: <class ‘KeyboardInterrupt’>, ‘ImportError’: <class ‘ImportError’>, ‘ModuleNotFoundError’: <class ‘ModuleNotFoundError’>, ‘OSError’: <class ‘OSError’>, ‘EnvironmentError’: <class ‘OSError’>, ‘IOError’: <class ‘OSError’>, ‘WindowsError’: <class ‘OSError’>, ‘EOFError’: <class ‘EOFError’>, ‘RuntimeError’: <class ‘RuntimeError’>, ‘RecursionError’: <class ‘RecursionError’>, ‘NotImplementedError’: <class ‘NotImplementedError’>, ‘NameError’: <class ‘NameError’>, ‘UnboundLocalError’: <class ‘UnboundLocalError’>, ‘AttributeError’: <class ‘AttributeError’>, ‘SyntaxError’: <class ‘SyntaxError’>, ‘IndentationError’: <class ‘IndentationError’>, ‘TabError’: <class ‘TabError’>, ‘LookupError’: <class ‘LookupError’>, ‘IndexError’: <class ‘IndexError’>, ‘KeyError’: <class ‘KeyError’>, ‘ValueError’: <class ‘ValueError’>, ‘UnicodeError’: <class ‘UnicodeError’>, ‘UnicodeEncodeError’: <class ‘UnicodeEncodeError’>, ‘UnicodeDecodeError’: <class ‘UnicodeDecodeError’>, ‘UnicodeTranslateError’: <class ‘UnicodeTranslateError’>, ‘AssertionError’: <class ‘AssertionError’>, ‘ArithmeticError’: <class ‘ArithmeticError’>, ‘FloatingPointError’: <class ‘FloatingPointError’>, ‘OverflowError’: <class ‘OverflowError’>, ‘ZeroDivisionError’: <class ‘ZeroDivisionError’>, ‘SystemError’: <class ‘SystemError’>, ‘ReferenceError’: <class ‘ReferenceError’>, ‘MemoryError’: <class ‘MemoryError’>, ‘BufferError’: <class ‘BufferError’>, ‘Warning’:
<class ‘Warning’>, ‘UserWarning’: <class ‘UserWarning’>, ‘DeprecationWarning’: <class ‘DeprecationWarning’>, ‘PendingDeprecationWarning’: <class ‘PendingDeprecationWarning’>, ‘SyntaxWarning’: <class ‘SyntaxWarning’>, ‘RuntimeWarning’: <class ‘RuntimeWarning’>, ‘FutureWarning’: <class ‘FutureWarning’>, ‘ImportWarning’: <class ‘ImportWarning’>, ‘UnicodeWarning’: <class ‘UnicodeWarning’>, ‘BytesWarning’: <class ‘BytesWarning’>, ‘ResourceWarning’: <class ‘ResourceWarning’>, ‘ConnectionError’: <class ‘ConnectionError’>, ‘BlockingIOError’: <class ‘BlockingIOError’>, ‘BrokenPipeError’: <class ‘BrokenPipeError’>, ‘ChildProcessError’: <class ‘ChildProcessError’>, ‘ConnectionAbortedError’: <class ‘ConnectionAbortedError’>, ‘ConnectionRefusedError’: <class ‘ConnectionRefusedError’>, ‘ConnectionResetError’: <class ‘ConnectionResetError’>, ‘FileExistsError’: <class ‘FileExistsError’>, ‘FileNotFoundError’: <class ‘FileNotFoundError’>, ‘IsADirectoryError’: <class ‘IsADirectoryError’>, ‘NotADirectoryError’: <class ‘NotADirectoryError’>, ‘InterruptedError’: <class ‘InterruptedError’>, ‘PermissionError’: <class ‘PermissionError’>, ‘ProcessLookupError’: <class ‘ProcessLookupError’>, ‘TimeoutError’: <class ‘TimeoutError’>, ‘open’: , ‘quit’: Use quit() or Ctrl-Z plus Return to exit, ‘exit’: Use exit() or Ctrl-Z plus Return to exit, ‘copyright’: Copyright © 2001-2019 Python Software Foundation.
All Rights Reserved.

Copyright © 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam.
All Rights Reserved., ‘credits’: Thanks to CWI, CNRI, BeOpen.com, Zope Corporation and a cast of thousands
for supporting Python development. See www.python.org for more information., ‘license’: Type license() to see the full license text, ‘help’: Type help() for interactive help, or help(object) for help about object., ‘execfile’: <function execfile at 0x03C59DF8>, ‘runfile’: <function runfile at 0x03D37660>}, ‘a’: 6, ‘test’: <function test at 0x03EEE618>}