Python绘制克莱恩瓶

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D


# 克莱恩瓶的近似参数方程（注意这不是精确的克莱恩瓶方程）
def klein_bottle(u, v):
    x = 3 * np.cos(u) * (1 + np.sin(u)) + np.cos(u / 2) * np.cos(v) * np.sin(u)
    y = 8 * np.sin(u) + np.cos(u / 2) * np.sin(v) * np.sin(u)
    z = 4 * (1 - np.sin(u / 2)) * np.sin(v)
    return x, y, z


# 创建u和v的参数网格
u = np.linspace(0, 4 * np.pi, 100)  # 需要绕两圈以近似克莱恩瓶
v = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100)
u, v = np.meshgrid(u, v)

# 计算克莱恩瓶上的点
x, y, z = klein_bottle(u, v)

# 创建3D图形对象
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

# 绘制克莱恩瓶曲面
ax.plot_surface(x, y, z, rstride=5, cstride=5, color='b', alpha=0.3, edgecolor='k')

# 设置坐标轴标签
ax.set_xlabel('X')
ax.set_ylabel('Y')
ax.set_zlabel('Z')

# 显示图形
plt.show()