C语言学习笔记[第7天]

四、字符串和格式化输入/输出

1.前导程序

// talkback.c -- 演示与用户交互
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>		// 提供 strlen()函数的原型
#define DENSITY 62.4	// 人体密度（单位：磅/立方英尺）
int main()
{
    float weight, volume;
    int size, letters;
    char name[40];		// name是一个可容纳40个字符的数组
    
    printf("Hi! What's your first name?\n");
    scanf("%s, name");
    printf("%s, what's your weight in pounds?\n", name);
    scanf("%f", &weight);
    size = sizeof(name);
    letters = strlen(name);
    volume = weight / DENSITY;
    printf("Well, %s, your volume is %2.2f cubic feet.\n", name, volume);
    printf("Also, your first name has %d letters,\n", letters);
    pritnf("and we have %d bytes to store it.\n", size);
    
    return 0;
}
//Hi! What's your first name?
//Christine
//Christine, what's your weight in pounds?
//154
//Well, Christine, your volume is 2.47 cubic feet.
//Also, your first name has 9 letters,
//and we have %d bytes to store it.

​ 包含新特性：

​ ■数组储存字符串

​ ■%s转换说明来 处理 字符串的 输入 和输出

​ ■C预处理器把字符串常量DENSITY定义为62.4

​ ■C函数 strlen()获取字符串的长度

2.字符串简介

2.1 char类型数组和null字符

2.2 使用字符串

/* praise1.c -- 使用不同类型的字符串 */
#include <stdio.h>
#define PRAISE "You are an extraordinary being."
int  main(void)
{
    char  name[40];
    
    printf("What's your name?");
    scanf("%s, name");
    printf("Hello, %s. %s\n", name, PRAISE);
    
    return 0;
}
//What's your  name? Angela Plains
//Hello, Angela. You are an extraordinary  being.

​ ■字符串和字符

2.3 strlen()函数

/* praise2.c */
// 如果编译器不识别%zd, 尝试换成%u 或%lu。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>		/* 提供  strlen()函数的原型 */ 
#define PRAISE "You are an extraordinary being."
int  main(void)
{
    char  name[40];
	printf("What's your name?");
    scanf("%s, name");
    printf("Hello, %s. %s\n", name, PRAISE);
	printf("Your name  of  %zd letters  occupies %zd memory cells.\n",
          strlen(name), sizeof name);
    printf("The phrase of praise has %zd letters ",
          strlen(PRAISE));
    printf("and occupies %zd memory cell.\n", sizeof PRAISE);
    return 0;
}
//What's your  name? Serendipity Chance
//Hello, Serendipity. You are an extraordinary  being.
//Your name  of  11 letters  occupies 40 memory cells.
//The phrase of praise has 31 letters and occupies 32 memory cell.