Mysql经典练习题与知识点总结

)
首先是练习题的几个表，主要有四个表，

• student表(Sid,Sname,Sage,Ssex)
  –Sid学生编号,Sname 学生姓名,Sage 出生年月,Ssex 学生性别
• course表（Cid,Cname,Tid）
  –Cid 课程编号,Cname 课程名称,Tid 教师编号
• teacher表（Tid,Tname）
  –Tid教师编号,Tname 教师姓名
• sc表(Sid,Cid,score)
  –Sid 学生编号,Cid 课程编号,score 分数

测试数据

student表

create table Student(S# varchar(10),Sname nvarchar(10),Sage datetime,Ssex nvarchar(10))
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男')
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男')
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男')
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男')
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女')
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女')
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女')
insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女')

course表

create table Course(C# varchar(10),Cname nvarchar(10),T# varchar(10))
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02')
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01')
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03')

teacher表

create table Teacher(T# varchar(10),Tname nvarchar(10))
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三')
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四')
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五')

sc表

create table SC(S# varchar(10),C# varchar(10),score decimal(18,1))
insert into SC values('01' , '01' , 80)
insert into SC values('01' , '02' , 90)
insert into SC values('01' , '03' , 99)
insert into SC values('02' , '01' , 70)
insert into SC values('02' , '02' , 60)
insert into SC values('02' , '03' , 80)
insert into SC values('03' , '01' , 80)
insert into SC values('03' , '02' , 80)
insert into SC values('03' , '03' , 80)
insert into SC values('04' , '01' , 50)
insert into SC values('04' , '02' , 30)
insert into SC values('04' , '03' , 20)
insert into SC values('05' , '01' , 76)
insert into SC values('05' , '02' , 87)
insert into SC values('06' , '01' , 31)
insert into SC values('06' , '03' , 34)
insert into SC values('07' , '02' , 89)
insert into SC values('07' , '03' , 98)

1. 查询" 01 “课程比” 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数

SELECT
	s.*, a.score AS score_1,
	b.score AS score_2
FROM
	student s
INNER JOIN sc AS a ON s.Sid = a.Sid
AND a.Cid = 01
INNER JOIN sc AS b ON s.Sid = b.Sid
AND b.Cid = 02
WHERE a.score > b.score;

+------+-------+---------------------+------+---------+---------+
| Sid  | Sname | Sage                | Ssex | score_1 | score_2 |
+------+-------+---------------------+------+---------+---------+
| 02   | 钱电  | 1990-12-21 00:00:00 | 男   |    70.0 |    60.0 |
| 04   | 李云  | 1990-08-06 00:00:00 | 男   |    50.0 |    30.0 |
+------+-------+---------------------+------+---------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

• Tip1 ：表的自联结
  通常如果一张表中不同列之间的信息要对比的时候需要进行自联结，如本题中的“01”课程分数与“02”分数对比。

1.1 查询同时存在" 01 “课程和” 02 "课程的情况

SELECT
	*
FROM
	sc a
inner JOIN sc b ON a.Sid = b.Sid
AND a.Cid = 01
AND b.Cid = 02;

+------+------+-------+------+------+-------+
| Sid  | Cid  | score | Sid  | Cid  | score |
+------+------+-------+------+------+-------+
| 01   | 01   |  80.0 | 01   | 02   |  90.0 |
| 02   | 01   |  70.0 | 02   | 02   |  60.0 |
| 03   | 01   |  80.0 | 03   | 02   |  80.0 |
| 04   | 01   |  50.0 | 04   | 02   |  30.0 |
| 05   | 01   |  76.0 | 05   | 02   |  87.0 |
+------+------+-------+------+------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

• Tip1 ：表的自联结
  通常如果一张表中不同列之间的信息要对比的时候需要进行自联结，如本题中的“01”课程与“02”分数对比。
• Tip2 ：INNER JOIN
  如果要求两列信息同时存在的情况，需要inner join，它可以保证某列信息为null，则该行为空。

1.2 查询存在" 01 “课程但可能不存在” 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )

SELECT
	*
FROM
	sc a
LEFT JOIN sc b ON a.Cid = 01
AND a.Sid = b.Sid
AND b.Cid = 02;

结果

+------+------+-------+------+------+-------+
| Sid  | Cid  | score | Sid  | Cid  | score |
+------+------+-------+------+------+-------+
| 01   | 01   |  80.0 |