BIOS代码的研究

咱们也不是OEM厂商,也没有Intel内部代码。如何能研究BIOS代码呢?

思路要打开,你并不是第一个造车的人。那么有没有开源BIOS项目?还真有coreboot,又名linuxboot。

那么其实很多BIOS关键点,都是可以从开源项目中学习到的。

BIOS第一条指令放在哪里?

读过IA32/64文档的同学,可以明显的看见IA开机第一条指令在0xFFFF,FFF0。这是文档。作为一个合格的嵌入式工程师,那必须落地为安,要见代码才能放心。必须先找scatter file/linker scripts,随便你叫啥

coreboot\src\arch\x86\bootblock.ld

BIOS初始化代码

那么.reset代码段到底是什么? 

coreboot\src\cpu\x86\reset16.S

这里是典型的用数据表示代码,其实这是个jump机器码。继续追踪入口代码_start16bit,不追击到C语言不罢休。

coreboot\src\cpu\x86\entry16.S

刚上电是实模式,进来先关中断也是情理之中。

一顿配置之后,看来是冲进保护模式了bootblock_protected_mode_entry 

看来汇编代码还得走一会儿。

coreboot\src\cpu\x86\entry32.S 

保护模式下继续

 

 看来快到C语言代码了,这函数名也能看出来bootblock_pre_c_entry

coreboot\src\soc\amd\common\block\cpu\noncar\pre_c.S

BIOS post_code

这里我突然对post_code感兴趣起来,这不就是主板上哪个数码管显示数字么?!

coreboot\src\console\post.c

好吧!汇编调用C语言函数

Port 80h POST Codes for Intel® Desktop Boards

这回真的到C语言了,之后的代码就自己看了,师傅领进门,修行在个人 

coreboot\src\soc\intel\alderlake\bootblock\bootblock.c

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优秀的,完整的BIOS 代码 page ,132 title . PROCESSOR_TIMER_PARITY_REFRESH_NMI TEST ;*****************************************************************; ;*****************************************************************; ;** **; ;** (C)Copyright 1985-1996, American Megatrends Inc. **; ;** **; ;** All Rights Reserved. **; ;** **; ;** 6145-F, Northbelt Parkway, Norcross, **; ;** **; ;** Georgia - 30071, USA. Phone-(770)-246-8600. **; ;** **; ;*****************************************************************; ;*****************************************************************; ;---------------------------------------; include mbiosequ.equ ; bios global constants include mbiosmac.mac ; bios coding macro definition include cf.equ ;---------------------------------------; extrn check_point_no_stack:near extrn check_point_stack:near public bios_suru public shutdown_0 public shutdown_77 public shutdown_88 extrn shutdown_1:near ; shutdown after memory error extrn shutdown_2:near ; v_mode exception intr error extrn _shutdown_33:near ; shutdown after memory test extrn shutdown_4:near ; boot loader request shutdown extrn shutdown_5:near ; user defined shutdown routine extrn _shutdown_66:near ; shutdown during memory test to display memory size extrn shutdown_7:near ; unused, (chipset memory detection) extrn shutdown_8:near ; unused, (soft reset) extrn shutdown_9:near ; shutdown after block move extrn shutdown_a:near ; user defined shutdown routine extrn init_8259_80287:near ; shut 4/5, init 8259, 80287 extrn disable_video:near extrn clear_64k_memory:near extrn int_isr:near extrn _power_on_delay:byte extrn _software_delay:byte extrn ram_segment:word extrn flush_all_cache:near extrn power_on_init:near public power_on_init_end extrn hreset_clear:near public hreset_clear_end extrn sreset_clear:near public sreset_clear_end extern StopUsbHostController(dummy_ret):near extrn dummy_ret:near extrn disable_all_cache:near extrn shutdown_init:near public shutdown_init_end extrn decompress_post_init:near ;---------------------------------------; ; C O D E S E G M E N T ; ;---------------------------------------; cgroup group _text _text segment word public 'CODE' assume cs:cgroup .486p ;---------------------------------------; public _BIOS_STARTS _BIOS_STARTS label byte ; marks start of module ;---------------------------------------; ; FLAGS TEST (SF,ZF,PF,CF) ; ; ;---;---;---;---;---;---;---;---; ; ; ; S ; Z ; x ; A ; x ; P ; x ; C ; ; ; ;---;---;---;---;---;---;---;---; ; ; HARD RESET OR SHUTDOWN RESET ; ;---------------------------------------; ; SHUTDOWN PROCESSING ; ;---------------------------------------; bios_suru: cli ; test under CLI mode cld ; ensure direction mov ax,cs mov ss,ax ; $$$CORE0036+ >>> extern wake_up(wake_up_end):near public wake_up_end jmp wake_up ; check for wakeup wake_up_end: ; control will come here only if wake up is not needed ; $$$CORE0036+ <<< jmp power_on_init power_on_init_end: in al,kb_stat_port ; if sys_flag bit is set test al,00000100b ; then soft reset else power on jnz shut_5 ; not power-on ;---------------------------------------; ; VANILLA MEMORY PATCH ; ;---------------------------------------; ifdef VANILLA_BIOS ;---------------------------------------; ; save CPUID in cmos 35h(DL), 36h(DH) extrn cmos_data_out:near extrn _refresh_value:byte mov ebp,edx mov al,0b5h mov ah,dl ret_sp cmos_data_out mov al,0b6h mov ah,dh ret_sp cmos_data_out ; start memory refresh.. mov al,00h ; initialise DMA-PAGE reg. out 8fh,al ; (used in MEMORY REFRESH) io_delay mov al,01010100b ; start CH_1 (REFRESH) out 43h,al ; one byte count used io_delay mov al,cgroup:_refresh_value; low byte count out 41h,al mov cx,100h ; 400h..01/11/95 xor di,di mov es,di wpulse1: stosb loop wpulse1 ;---------------------------------------; extrn vanilla_patch_offset:near cmp cgroup:word ptr vanilla_patch_offset,0ffffh jz ret_off ; no routine mov sp,offset cgroup:sp_ret_off jmp vanilla_patch_offset-1 even sp_ret_off: dw offset cgroup:ret_off dw 0f000h ret_off: endif ;---------------------------------------; jmp hreset_clear ; hard reset init (if any) ;;;;hreset_clear_end: ;;;; jmp shutdown_0x ; hard reset, goto regs. test shut_5: jmp sreset_clear ; GA20 disable and other.... sreset_clear_end: mov al,8fh ; shutdown address out cmos_addr_port,al ; mask NMI & select shut byte jcxz short $+2 ; i/o delay jcxz short $+2 ; i/o delay in al,cmos_data_port ; read shutdown code mov ah,00 mov si,ax ; save in (SI) mov al,8fh ; shutdown address jcxz short $+2 ; i/o delay out cmos_addr_port,al mov al,00 ; clear shutdown byte jcxz short $+2 ; i/o delay jcxz short $+2 ; i/o delay out cmos_data_port,al mov ax,cs mov ss,ax mov ax,si ; restore shutdown code cmp al,04h ; for BOOT loader shutdown jz shut_1 ; & for USER defined shutdown cmp al,05h ; initialize 8259 (#1, #2) jz shut_1 ; and (DS), (SS), (SP), STI cmp al,0ah ; if shut code > 10 jbe shut_2 ; bypass intr. init jmp short shutdown_0 ; then hard reset ;---------------------------------------; ; INIT 8259 for SHUTDOWN 04, 05 ; ;---------------------------------------; shut_1: mov bx,level_2_int*256+level_1_int ret_sp init_8259_80287 ; shut 4/5, init 8259, 80287 ;---------------------------------------; ; INTERNAL CACHE IS ALWAYS ON ; ;---------------------------------------; shut_2: jmp shutdown_init shutdown_init_end: mov ax,40h ; global data segment (ah) = 0 mov ds,ax ; setup (DS) mov al,00h ; global extra segment (ah) = 0 mov es,ax ; setup (ES) mov al,30h ; global stack segment (ah) = 0 mov ss,ax ; setup (SS) mov sp,0100h ; setup (SP) shl si,1 ; prepare index jmp [si+cgroup:shut_jmp_tbl]; brunch with intr. disabled ;---------------------------------------; ; SHUTDOWN JMP TABLE ; ;---------------------------------------; even shut_jmp_tbl label word dw offset cgroup:shutdown_0; hard reset dw offset cgroup:shutdown_1; used for block move internal shutdown dw offset cgroup:shutdown_2; v_mode exception intr error dw offset cgroup:_shutdown_33; shutdown after memory test dw offset cgroup:shutdown_4; shutdown for boot loader dw offset cgroup:shutdown_5; shutdown (with intr. init) dw offset cgroup:_shutdown_66; shutdown during memory test to display memory size dw offset cgroup:shutdown_7; unused, (chipset memory detection) dw offset cgroup:shutdown_8; unused, (soft reset) dw offset cgroup:shutdown_9; shutdown after block move dw offset cgroup:shutdown_a; shutdown (w/o intr. init) ;---------------------------------------; hreset_clear_end: shutdown_0x: ; hard reset mov al,8dh out cmos_addr_port,al ; NMI OFF ;---------------------------------------; shutdown_0: ; hard reset shutdown_77: ; unused shutdown_88: ; unused check_point_si 03h ; ======== 03 mov ax,cs mov ss,ax xor bp,bp mov ds,bp ; set (DS) = 0 mov es,bp ; set (ES) = 0 jmp_di disable_video in al,kb_stat_port ; if sys_flag bit is set test al,00000100b ; then soft reset else power on jz not_cnt_alt_del ; power on cmp ds:word ptr [0472h],1234h jnz cnt_alt_del yes_cnt_alt_del: or bp,soft_reset_bit ; msb used for soft reset jmp short cnt_alt_del not_cnt_alt_del: cmp ds:word ptr [0472h],1234h jz yes_cnt_alt_del or bp,power_on_bit cnt_alt_del: ;;;; ret_sp clear_64k_memory ; clear segment 0 mov ax,30h mov ss,ax ; set stack mov sp,100h check_point 05h ; ======== 05 ;; call StopUsbHostController ; disable USB host controller ;; call disable_all_cache ; disable all cache call disable_all_cache ; disable all cache call StopUsbHostController ; disable USB host controller mov ax,cs mov ss,ax ret_sp clear_64k_memory ; clear segment 0 mov ax,30h mov ss,ax ; set stack mov sp,100h check_point 06h ; ======== 06 call decompress_post_init extrn _bios_to_rm:near jmp _bios_to_rm ;---------------------------------------; ;*****************************************************************; ;*****************************************************************; ;** **; ;** (C)Copyright 1985-1996, American Megatrends Inc. **; ;** **; ;** All Rights Reserved. **; ;** **; ;** 6145-F, Northbelt Parkway, Norcross, **; ;** **; ;** Georgia - 30071, USA. Phone-(770)-246-8600. **; ;** **; ;*****************************************************************; ;*****************************************************************; ;-----------------------------------------------------------------------; ; COPY_CONTROL_TO_RAM ; ; this routine copies 64k code to ram segment and give control to ram. ; ; input : ; ; none ; ; stack available ; ; output: ; ; none ; ; register destroyed..ALL except DS, ES, BP ; ;-----------------------------------------------------------------------; extrn copy_64k_memory:near public copy_control_to_ram copy_control_to_ram proc near push es push ds mov es,cgroup:ram_segment push cs pop ds ; source segment call copy_64k_memory ; transfer control to ram segment.. push es ; ram_segment push offset cgroup:xxx retf xxx: pop ds pop es xxx_exit: ret copy_control_to_ram endp ;-----------------------------------------------------------------------; ; COPY_TO_SHADOW ; ;-----------------------------------------------------------------------; ; this routine copies the code to asked shadow. ; ; input : ; ; ES:DI destn seg:off ; ; DS:SI source segment:offset ; ; CX #of bytes to move ; ; 0000 = 64k copy ; ; stack available ; ; output: ; ; none ; ; register destroyed..ALL except DS, ES, BP ; ;-----------------------------------------------------------------------; extrn move_bytes:near extrn enable_shadow_write:near extrn disable_shadow_write:near public copy_to_shadow copy_to_shadow proc near pushf cli ; disable interrupt call enable_shadow_write ; enable write to shadow call move_bytes ; move bytes call flush_all_cache ; flush all cache call disable_shadow_write ; enable write to shadow popf ret copy_to_shadow endp ;-----------------------------------------------------------------------; extrn e000_read_rom_write_x:near extrn e000_read_ram_write_rom:near extrn e000_read_x_write_ram:near extrn f000_read_rom_write_x:near extrn f000_read_ram_write_rom:near extrn f000_read_x_write_ram:near public do_f000_read_rom_write_x public do_f000_read_ram_write_rom public do_f000_read_x_write_ram public do_e000_read_rom_write_x public do_e000_read_ram_write_rom public do_e000_read_x_write_ram ;---------------------------------------; ifdef VANILLA_BIOS do_f000_read_rom_write_x: call f000_read_rom_write_x mov al,15 ; offset to table of fn# jmp short vanilla_patch do_f000_read_ram_write_rom: call f000_read_ram_write_rom mov al,18 ; offset to table of fn# jmp short vanilla_patch do_f000_read_x_write_ram: call f000_read_x_write_ram mov al,21 ; offset to table of fn# jmp short vanilla_patch do_e000_read_rom_write_x: call e000_read_rom_write_x mov al,24 ; offset to table of fn# jmp short vanilla_patch do_e000_read_ram_write_rom: call e000_read_ram_write_rom mov al,27 ; offset to table of fn# jmp short vanilla_patch do_e000_read_x_write_ram: call e000_read_x_write_ram mov al,30 ; offset to table of fn# vanilla_patch: push bx mov bx,cgroup:word ptr vanilla_patch_offset inc bx jz dop_00 ; no routine dec bx cbw ; AX = offset to jmp table add bx,ax push cs push offset cgroup:dop_00 push cs push bx retf dop_00: pop bx ret ;---------------------------------------; else ; NORMAL BIOS CODE do_f000_read_rom_write_x: jmp f000_read_rom_write_x do_f000_read_ram_write_rom: jmp f000_read_ram_write_rom do_f000_read_x_write_ram: jmp f000_read_x_write_ram do_e000_read_rom_write_x: jmp e000_read_rom_write_x do_e000_read_ram_write_rom: jmp e000_read_ram_write_rom do_e000_read_x_write_ram: jmp e000_read_x_write_ram endif ;-----------------------------------------------------------------------; ;*****************************************************************; ;*****************************************************************; ;** **; ;** (C)Copyright 1985-1996, American Megatrends Inc. **; ;** **; ;** All Rights Reserved. **; ;** **; ;** 6145-F, Northbelt Parkway, Norcross, **; ;** **; ;** Georgia - 30071, USA. Phone-(770)-246-8600. **; ;** **; ;*****************************************************************; ;*****************************************************************; ;---------------------------------------; public _BIOS_ENDS _BIOS_ENDS label byte ; marks end of module ;---------------------------------------; _text ends end
AMI BIOS(American Megatrends Inc. Basic Input/Output System,美国安迈公司基本输入/输出系统)是一种计算机的固件,作为计算机内存中ROM芯片中的一部分,BIOS是计算机启动时最早加载的软件程序之一,它的作用是管理计算机的硬件和软件之间的通信。 AMI BIOS代码是指AMI公司的开发人员编写的用于创建AMI BIOS固件的程序代码。源代码是计算机程序的原始形式,它定义了计算机系统的行为和功能。AMI BIOS代码包含了用于初始化主板上各个硬件设备(如处理器、内存、硬盘等)的程序模块,以及提供对详细系统设置和配置的界面。 AMI BIOS代码是基于特定硬件平台的,开发者通过编写适当的代码和配置文件,使其适配于不同的主板和计算机系统。这通常涉及到指定硬件设备的初始化参数、设备驱动程序的安装和配置等操作。通过在源代码中进行修改,开发者可以根据自己的需求添加、删除或修改功能,以适应特定的应用场景或用户需求。 AMI BIOS代码的使用对于硬件开发商和系统集成商来说是非常重要的。他们可以根据自己的需求来优化和定制BIOS固件,以提高计算机系统的性能和稳定性。此外,AMI BIOS代码还为一些高级用户提供了了解和调整BIOS行为的途径,他们可以深入了解计算机硬件和软件之间的交互关系。 总之,AMI BIOS代码是AMI公司的核心技术之一,它提供了一种可定制和调整的方式,使计算机系统能够更好地适应不同的硬件和用户需求。而开发者和用户则可以通过修改源代码来优化和定制BIOS固件,以实现更高的性能和更好的用户体验。

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