3.2Library string Type

  • string s7 = "hello" + ", " + s2; // error: can't add string literals
  • string s("Hello World!!!");
    // punct_cnt has the same type that s.size decltype(s.size()) punct_cnt = 0; // count the number of punctuation characters in s
    for(autoc:s) if (ispunct(c))
    ++punct_cnt; cout << punct_cnt
    // forevery char in s
    // if the character is punctuation
    // increment the punctuation counter
    << " punctuation characters in " << s << endl;


  • string s("Hello World!!!");
    // convert s to uppercase
    for (auto &c : s) // for every char in s (note: c is a reference)
    c = toupper(c); // c is a reference, so the assignment changes the char in s
    cout << s << endl;
    



  • cctype header includes some operations like ispunct(), toupper().  

  • for (decltype(s.size()) index = 0;
    index != s.size() && !isspace(s[index]); ++index) s[index] = toupper(s[index]); // capitalize the current
    character
    


  • The subscript operator onvector(and string) fetches an existingelement; it does not add an element. 

    vector<int> ivec; // empty vector
    for (decltype(ivec.size()) ix = 0; ix != 10; ++ix)
    ivec[ix] = ix; // disaster: ivec has no elements

    However, it is in error:ivecis an empty vector; there are no elements to subscript!

    As we’ve seen, the right way to write this loop is to usepush_back

    for (decltype(ivec.size()) ix = 0; ix != 10; ++ix) ivec.push_back(ix); // ok: adds a new element with value ix



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