5.4Iterative statement &6.2Argument passing

• Because the condition is not evaluated until after the statement or block is executed,thedo while loop does not allow variable definitions inside the condition: 

  do {
  // . . .
  mumble(foo);
  } while (int foo = get_foo()); // error: declaration in a do condition
  

  
  
• 对于连续的cin，如果其中一个输入发生错误，后面的cin将不会再执行。
• Using reference to avoid copies
• Using reference parameters to return additional information 
• Using reference to const when possible

• Even though we cannot pass an array by value, we can write a parameter that looks like an array:

  // despite appearances, these three declarations of print are equivalent
  // each function has a single parameter of type const int*
  void print(const int*);
  void print(const int[]); // shows the intent that the function takes an array
  void print(const int[10]); // dimension for documentation purposes (at best)