Java学习--spring框架--入门配置详情

1. 对象引用

设置一个类去引用另一个类
Class.java

public class Class {
    private String className;
    private User user;

    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

    public User getUser() {
        return user;
    }

    public void setClassName(String className) {
        this.className = className;
    }

    public String getClassName() {
        return className;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Class{" +
                "className='" + className + '\'' +
                ", user=" + user +
                '}';
    }
}

配置xml文件的配置有三种方式

1. 使用ref属性

    <bean id="class" class="spring.beans.Class">
        <property name="className" value="初一"></property>
        <property name="user" ref="user"></property>
    </bean>

2. 使用ref子标签

 <bean id="class" class="spring.beans.Class">
        <property name="className" value="初一"></property>
        <property name="user" >
            <ref bean="user"></ref>
        </property>
    </bean>

3. 设置内部bean

<bean id="class" class="spring.beans.Class">
        <property name="className" value="初一"></property>
        <property name="user" >
            <bean class="spring.beans.User">
                <constructor-arg  type="java.lang.String">
                    <value><![CDATA[《张三！@>]]></value>
                </constructor-arg>
                <constructor-arg value="11" index="1"></constructor-arg>
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>

在主函数调用

 public static void main(String[] args) {
//        1. 创建Spring的IOC容器对象
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
//        2. 从IOC容器中获取Bean实例
        Class aclass = (Class) applicationContext.getBean("class");
//        3. 调用hello方法
        System.out.println(aclass.toString());
    }

运行结果

2. null属性和级联属性

2.1 null属性
配置文件xml配置

   <bean id="class" class="spring.beans.Class">
        <property name="className" value="初一"></property>
        <property name="user" >
            <null/>
        </property>
    </bean>

在次运行主函数

    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        1. 创建Spring的IOC容器对象
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
//        2. 从IOC容器中获取Bean实例
        Class aclass = (Class) applicationContext.getBean("class");
//        3. 调用hello方法
        System.out.println(aclass.toString());
    }

运行结果

注意：使用null属性后相应的对象会复制为null

2.2 级联属性

首先配置级联属性

   <bean id="class" class="spring.beans.Class">
        <property name="className" value="初一"></property>
        <constructor-arg ref="user"></constructor-arg>
<!--        为级联属性赋值。注意：属性需要先进行初始化才可以为级联属性赋值，否则会出现异常。-->
        <property name="user.name" value="ok"></property>
    </bean>

接着给要赋值的级联属性构造set函数

public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

设置bean类的对应的构造函数

 public Class(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

最后运行主函数

    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        1. 创建Spring的IOC容器对象
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
//        2. 从IOC容器中获取Bean实例
        Class aclass = (Class) applicationContext.getBean("class");
//        3. 调用hello方法
        System.out.println(aclass.toString());
    }

运行结果

注意：在设置级联属性的时候要设置相应的set函数，与构造器

3. 集合属性

在配置文件xml中进行配置使用list标签用于指定集合中的多个元素。

3.1 list集合

xml配置

<bean id="user1" class="spring.collection.User">
        <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="张三"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg type="int" value="10"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    <bean id="user2" class="spring.collection.User">
        <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="李四"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg type="int" value="20"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    <bean id="classList" class="spring.collection.Class">
        <property name="className" value="初一"></property>
        <property name="users">
            <list>
                <ref bean="user1"></ref>
                <ref bean="user2"/>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

给Class类添加list元素

private List<User> users;


    public void setUsers(List<User> users) {
        this.users = users;
    }

    public List<User> getUsers() {
        return users;
    }

运行主函数

public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Class aclass = (Class) applicationContext.getBean("classList");
        System.out.println(aclass.toString());
    }

运行结果

3.2 map集合

配置文件xml配置

    <bean id="user1" class="spring.collection.User">
        <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="张三"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg type="int" value="10"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    <bean id="user2" class="spring.collection.User">
        <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="李四"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg type="int" value="20"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    <bean id="classList" class="spring.collection.Class">
        <property name="className" value="初一"></property>
        <property name="users">
            <map>
                <entry key="one" value-ref="user1"></entry>
                <entry key="two" value-ref="user2"></entry>
            </map>
        </property>
    </bean>

改变Class函数

 private Map users;

    public void setUsers(Map users) {
        this.users = users;
    }

    public Map getUsers() {
        return users;
    }

运行结果

3.3 Properties用于配置数据库连接
设置配置文件xml

bean id="dataSource" class="spring.collection.DataSource">
        <property name="properties">
            <props>
                <prop key="user">root</prop>
                <prop key="password">root</prop>
                <prop key="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql:///test</prop>
                <prop key="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

新建DataSource类

public class DataSource {
    private Properties properties;

    public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
        this.properties = properties;
    }

    public Properties getProperties() {
        return properties;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "DataSource{" +
                "properties=" + properties +
                '}';
    }
}

运行主函数

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        DataSource dataSource = (DataSource) applicationContext.getBean("dataSource");
        System.out.println(dataSource.toString());
    }

运行结果

4. utility scheme定义集合

配置相应的xml文件

    <bean id="user1" class="spring.collection.User">
        <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="张三"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg type="int" value="10"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    <bean id="user2" class="spring.collection.User">
        <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="李四"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg type="int" value="20"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
<!--    配置单例的集合bean，以供多个bean进行引用-->
    <util:list id="users">
        <ref bean="user1"></ref>
        <ref bean="user2"></ref>
    </util:list>

    <bean id="classList" class="spring.collection.Class">
        <property name="className" value="初一"></property>
        <property name="users" ref="users"></property>
    </bean>

运行结果

5. 使用p命名空间

配置相应的xml文件

    <bean id="user1" class="spring.collection.User">
        <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="张三"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg type="int" value="10"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    <bean id="user2" class="spring.collection.User">
        <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="李四"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg type="int" value="20"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
<!--    配置单例的集合bean，以供多个bean进行引用-->
    <util:list id="users">
        <ref bean="user1"></ref>
        <ref bean="user2"></ref>
    </util:list>

    <bean id="classList" class="spring.collection.Class" p:className="初一" p:users-ref="users"></bean>

运行结果