iOS中JavaScript和OC交互

iOS中JavaScript和OC交互

JAN 10TH, 2015

在iOS开发中很多时候我们会和UIWebView打交道,目前国内的很多应用都采用了UIWebView的混合编程技术,最常见的是微信公众号的内容页面。前段时间在做微信公众平台相关的开发,发现很多应用场景都是利用HTML5和UIWebView来实现的。

机制

Objective-C语言调用JavaScript语言,是通过UIWebView的 - (NSString *)stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:(NSString *)script;的方法来实现的。该方法向UIWebView传递一段需要执行的JavaScript代码最后获取执行结果。

JavaScript语言调用Objective-C语言,并没有现成的API,但是有些方法可以达到相应的效果。具体是利用UIWebView的特性:在UIWebView的内发起的所有网络请求,都可以通过delegate函数得到通知。

示例

下面提供一个简单的例子介绍如何相互的调用,实现的效果是在界面上点击一个链接,然后弹出一个对话框判断是否登录成功。


uiwebview_js_demo.png

(1)示例的HTML的源码如下:

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">12</span>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" />
        <meta content="always" name="referrer" />
        <title>测试网页</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <br />
        <a href="devzeng://login?name=zengjing&password=123456">点击链接</a>
    </body>
</html>

(2)UIWebView Delegate回调方法为:

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">13</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">14</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">15</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">16</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">17</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">18</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">19</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">20</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">21</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">22</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">23</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">24</span>
- (BOOL)webView:(UIWebView *)webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType
{
    NSURL *url = [request URL];
    if([[url scheme] isEqualToString:@"devzeng"]) {
        //处理JavaScript和Objective-C交互
        if([[url host] isEqualToString:@"login"])
        {
            //获取URL上面的参数
            NSDictionary *params = [self getParams:[url query]];
            BOOL status = [self login:[params objectForKey:@"name"] password:[params objectForKey:@"password"]];
            if(status)
            {
                //调用JS回调
                [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"alert('登录成功!')"];
            }
            else
            {
                [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"alert('登录失败!')"];
            }
        }
        return NO;
    }
    return YES;
}

说明:

1、同步和异步的问题

(1)Objective-C调用JavaScript代码的时候是同步的

- (NSString *)stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:(NSString *)script;

(2)JavaScript调用Objective-C代码的时候是异步的

- (BOOL)webView:(UIWebView *)webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType;

2、常见的JS调用

(1)获取页面title

NSString *title = [webview stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"document.title"];

(2)获取当前的URL

NSString *url = [webview stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"document.location.href"];

3、使用第三方库

https://github.com/marcuswestin/WebViewJavascriptBridge

使用案例

1、动态将网页上的图片全部缩放

JavaScript脚本如下:

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">12</span>
function ResizeImages() {
  var myImg, oldWidth;
  var maxWidth = 320;
  for(i = 0; i < document.images.length; i++) {
      myImg = document.images[i];
      if(myImg.width > maxWidth) {
          oldWidth = myImg.width;
          myImg.width = maxWidth;
          myImg.heith = myImg.height*(maxWidth/oldWidth);
      }
  }
}

在iOS代码中添加如下代码:

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">13</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">14</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">15</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">16</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">17</span>
[webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:  
 @"var script = document.createElement('script');"   
 "script.type = 'text/javascript';"   
 "script.text = \"function ResizeImages() { "   
     "var myimg,oldwidth;"  
     "var maxwidth=380;" //缩放系数   
     "for(i=0;i <document.images.length;i++){"   
         "myimg = document.images[i];"  
         "if(myimg.width > maxwidth){"   
             "oldwidth = myimg.width;"   
             "myimg.width = maxwidth;"   
             "myimg.height = myimg.height * (maxwidth/oldwidth);"   
         "}"   
     "}"
 "}\";"   
 "document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(script);"];
[webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"ResizeImages();"];
        
        

原文地址:http://git.devzeng.com/blog/ios-uiwebview-interaction-with-javascript.html

参考资料

1、《关于UIWebView和PhoneGap的总结》

2、《iOS开发之Objective-C与JavaScript的交互 》

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