（入门）使用ab进行压力测试

最近有一个使用ab测试服务器并发量的需求，顺便鼓捣了一下ab的入门操作。发现在网上的内容有些千篇一律。在此记录下我测试的过程。

我使用的ab测试命令如下

ab -n 100 -c 10 -T 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' -p postfile  http://172.25.24.221:8880/project

此服务使用Tornado开发，ip为172.25.24.221，端口8880， 参数有两个：用户名user_id和查询语句query。

ab的参数有以下几个：

-n requests     Number of requests to perform
-c concurrency  Number of multiple requests to make at a time
-t timelimit    Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking
                This implies -n 50000
-s timeout      Seconds to max. wait for each response
                Default is 30 seconds
-b windowsize   Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes
-B address      Address to bind to when making outgoing connections
-p postfile     File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
-u putfile      File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
-T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
                'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
                Default is 'text/plain'
-v verbosity    How much troubleshooting info to print
-w              Print out results in HTML tables
-i              Use HEAD instead of GET
-x attributes   String to insert as table attributes
-y attributes   String to insert as tr attributes
-z attributes   String to insert as td or th attributes
-C attribute    Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)
-H attribute    Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
                Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
-A attribute    Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
                are a colon separated username and password.
-P attribute    Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
                are a colon separated username and password.
-X proxy:port   Proxyserver and port number to use
-V              Print version number and exit
-k              Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
-d              Do not show percentiles served table.
-S              Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
-q              Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests
-g filename     Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
-e filename     Output CSV file with percentages served
-r              Don't exit on socket receive errors.
-h              Display usage information (this message)
-Z ciphersuite  Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)
-f protocol     Specify SSL/TLS protocol
                (SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2 or ALL)

在此主要用到的是-n、-c、-T、-p四个参数，分别表示总请求数、并发数、Content-type、请求参数文件。
请求参数文件格式为：

user_id=haonima&query=%e4%b8%9c%e6%96%b9%e7%ba%a2%e5%a4%aa%e9%98%b3%e5%8d%87

中文需要做url编码。此步可以使用python转换

from urllib import quote
print quote('东方红太阳升')

更简单一点的方法可以直接去http://tool.chinaz.com/tools/urlencode.aspx转换。

然后就可以进行测试了

[haonima@server02 ab_test]$ ab -n 1000 -c 50 -T 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' -p postfile  http://172.25.24.221:8880/project
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking 172.25.24.221 (be patient)
Completed 100 requests
Completed 200 requests
Completed 300 requests
Completed 400 requests
Completed 500 requests
Completed 600 requests
Completed 700 requests
Completed 800 requests
Completed 900 requests
Completed 1000 requests
Finished 1000 requests


Server Software:        TornadoServer/4.4.1
Server Hostname:        172.25.24.221
Server Port:            8880

Document Path:          /project
Document Length:        292 bytes

Concurrency Level:      50
Time taken for tests:   370.201 seconds
Complete requests:      1000
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      512000 bytes
Total body sent:        387000
HTML transferred:       292000 bytes
Requests per second:    2.70 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       18510.060 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       370.201 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          1.35 [Kbytes/sec] received
                        1.02 kb/s sent
                        2.37 kb/s total

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0    0   0.2      0       1
Processing:   378 18470 1042.0  18284   20271
Waiting:      377 18470 1042.0  18284   20271
Total:        379 18470 1041.9  18284   20271

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%  18284
  66%  18712
  75%  18994
  80%  19116
  90%  19652
  95%  20135
  98%  20257
  99%  20267
 100%  20271 (longest request)