Enum是enumeration(列举)的简写形式,包含在java.lang包中.
- public enum Season { winter, spring, summer, fall }
一个enum是定义一组值的对象,它可以包括零个或多个值成员.它是属于enum类型的,一个enum对象中不可有两个或多个相同的属性或值.在次之前的java程序员一般是 用接口的方法实现列举的,
- public interface Season {
- static winter = 0;
- static spring = 1; //etc..
- }
引入了enum的java的列举的编写方便了许多,只须定义一个enum型的对象.enum对象的值都回自动获得一个数字值,从0开始,依次递增.看一个比较简单的enum实现的例子:
- //EnumDemo.java
- /**
- * We can loop over the values we put into the enum using the values() method.
- * Note that the enum Seasons is compiled into a separate unit, called
- * EnumDemo$Seasons.class title:
- */
- public class EnumDemo {
- /*
- * declare the enum and add values to it. note that, like in C#, we don't
- * use a ; to end this statement and we use commas to separate the values
- */
- private enum Seasons {
- winter, spring, summer, fall
- }
- // list the values
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- for (Seasons s : Seasons.values()) {
- System.out.println(s);
- }
- }
- }
运行上述代码你回得到 以下结果:
winter
spring
summer
fall
Enum的属性调用:
下面的代码展示了调用enum对象的方法,这也是它通常的用法:
- /**
- * File: EnumSwitch.java
- *
- * Purpose: show how to switch against the values in an enum.
- */
- public class EnumSwitch {
- private enum Color {
- red, blue, green
- }
- // list the values
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- // refer to the qualified value
- doIt(Color.red);
- }
- /*
- * note that you switch against the UNQUALIFIED name. that is,
- * "case Color.red:" is a
- *
- * compiler error
- */
- private static void doIt(Color c) {
- switch (c) {
- case red:
- System.out.println("value is " + Color.red);
- break;
- case green:
- System.out.println("value is " + Color.green);
- break;
- case blue:
- System.out.println("value is : " + Color.blue);
- break;
- default:
- System.out.println("default");
- }
- }
- }
为enums添加属性和方法
enums也可以象一般的类一样添加方法和属性,你可以为它添加静态和非静态的属性或方法,这一切都象你在一般的类中做的那样.
- /**
- * 在枚举类中加入方法
- * File: EnumWithMethods.java
- *
- * Purpose: show how to use an enum that also defines its own fields and methods
- */
- public class EnumWithMethods {
- // declare the enum and add values to it.
- public enum Season {
- winter, spring, summer, fall;
- private final static String location = "Phoenix";
- public static Season getBest() {
- if (location.equals("Phoenix"))
- return winter;
- else
- return summer;
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- System.out.println(Season.getBest());
- }
- }
就是这么的简单.但是有一点是需要注意的,那就是enums的值列表必须紧跟在enum声明,不然编译时将会出错.
Enums构造函数:
和类一样enums也可以有自己的构造函数,如下:
- /**
- * 构造方式,创建枚举 title:
- *
- */
- public class EnumConstructor {
- public static void main(String[] a) {
- // call our enum using the values method
- for (Temp t : Temp.values())
- System.out.println(t + " is : " + t.getValue());
- }
- // make the enum
- public enum Temp {
- absoluteZero(-459), freezing(32), boiling(212), paperBurns(451);
- // constructor here
- Temp(int value) {
- this.value = value;
- }
- // regular field?but make it final,
- // since that is the point, to make constants
- private final int value;
- // regular get method
- public int getValue() {
- return value;
- }
- }
- }
输出结果是:
absoluteZero is : -459
freezing is : 32
boiling is : 212
paperBurns is : 451
尽管enums有这么多的属性,但并不是用的越多越好,如果那样还不如直接用类来的直接.enums的优势在定义int最终变量仅当这些值有一定特殊含义时.但是如果你需要的是一个类,就定义一个类,而不是enum.