feign如何实现负载均衡？

feign集成了ribbon，主要是通过ribbon来实现负载均衡

spring初始化默认加载resource下META-INF下spring.factory配置，其中FeignLoadBalancerAutoConfiguration是feign实现负载均衡的核心

HttpClientFeignLoadBalancerConfiguration：ApacheHttpClient请求配置
OkHttpFeignLoadBalancerConfiguration：OkHttpClient网络请求方式
DefaultFeignLoadBalancerConfiguration：默认HttpURLConnection

实现负载均衡的核心：FeignBlockingLoadBalancerClient中的LoadBalancerClient，LoadBalancerClient是调用的ribbon组件，通过ribbon来获取服务列表信息实现负载均衡

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 * Copyright 2013-2020 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
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package org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.loadbalancer;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

import feign.Client;
import feign.Request;
import feign.Response;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;

/**
 * A {@link Client} implementation that uses {@link LoadBalancerClient} to select a
 * {@link ServiceInstance} to use while resolving the request host.
 *
 * @author Olga Maciaszek-Sharma
 * @since 2.2.0
 */
public class FeignBlockingLoadBalancerClient implements Client {

	private static final Log LOG = LogFactory
			.getLog(FeignBlockingLoadBalancerClient.class);

	/**
	 * 网络请求方式
	 */
	private final Client delegate;

	/**
	 * 获取的ribbon服务
	 */
	private final LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;

	public FeignBlockingLoadBalancerClient(Client delegate,
			LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient) {
		this.delegate = delegate;
		this.loadBalancerClient = loadBalancerClient;
	}

	/**
	 * 发起网络调用
	 * @param request
	 * @param options
	 * @return
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	@Override
	public Response execute(Request request, Request.Options options) throws IOException {
		final URI originalUri = URI.create(request.url());
		String serviceId = originalUri.getHost();
		Assert.state(serviceId != null,
				"Request URI does not contain a valid hostname: " + originalUri);
		ServiceInstance instance = loadBalancerClient.choose(serviceId);
		if (instance == null) {
			String message = "Load balancer does not contain an instance for the service "
					+ serviceId;
			if (LOG.isWarnEnabled()) {
				LOG.warn(message);
			}
			return Response.builder().request(request)
					.status(HttpStatus.SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE.value())
					.body(message, StandardCharsets.UTF_8).build();
		}
		String reconstructedUrl = loadBalancerClient.reconstructURI(instance, originalUri)
				.toString();
		Request newRequest = Request.create(request.httpMethod(), reconstructedUrl,
				request.headers(), request.body(), request.charset(),
				request.requestTemplate());
		return delegate.execute(newRequest, options);
	}

	// Visible for Sleuth instrumentation
	public Client getDelegate() {
		return delegate;
	}

}

通过RetryableFeignLoadBalancer类来选择服务

通过调用ribbon选择服务

选择服务
负载均衡默认是轮询方案
ribbon选择服务的方式

AvailabilityFilteringRule：在RoundRibbon的基础上，选择满足条件的服务，如果10次了还没得到，则在满足条件的服务列表中，再用RoundRibbon算法选择.
BestAvailableRule：选择最小请求数
ClientConfigEnabledRoundRobinRule：轮询
RandomRule：随机选择一个server
RetryRule：根据轮询的方式重试
RoundRobinRule：轮询选择server
ZoneAvoidanceRule：根据server的zone区域和可用性来轮询选择
WeightedResponseTimeRule：根据响应时间去分配一个weight(权重),权重越低，被选择的可能性越低