Arrays中的方法sort介绍
本文根据JDK11的api工具以及java中的源码介绍排序
sort
声明方式:
public static void sort(int[] a)
public static void sort(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex)
public static void sort(long[] a)
public static void sort(long[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex)
public static void sort(short[] a)
public static void sort(short[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex)
public static void sort(char[] a)
public static void sort(char[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex)
public static void sort(byte[] a)
public static void sort(byte[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex)
public static void sort(float[] a)
public static void sort(float[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex)
public static void sort(double[] a)
public static void sort(double[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex)
形式参数可以是int、long、short、char、byte、float、double类型的数组,也可以数组加上需要排序的下标,包含左值不包含右值
调用方法后我们输入的数组会变成排序后的数组
源码如下:
//sort源码
public static void sort(int[] a) {
DualPivotQuicksort.sort(a, 0, a.length - 1, null, 0, 0);
}
public static void sort(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
rangeCheck(a.length, fromIndex, toIndex);
DualPivotQuicksort.sort(a, fromIndex, toIndex - 1, null, 0, 0);
}
其他不同类型参数的重载都只是缓了一下类型而已,我们发现他只是调用了DualPivotQuicksort和一个rangeCheck的方法,我们可以看一下这两个方法。
//DualPivotQuicksort排序源码
static void sort(int[] a, int left, int right,
int[] work, int workBase, int workLen) {
// Use Quicksort on small arrays//长度短一点的数组使用快排
//QUICKSORT_THRESHOLD是一个临界点值 为286,如果数组长度小于286就使用快排,否则使用合并排序
if (right - left < QUICKSORT_THRESHOLD) {
sort(a, left, right, true);//后面会讲到这个重载的sort
return;
}
/*
* Index run[i] is the start of i-th run
* (ascending or descending sequence).
*/
int[] run = new int[MAX_RUN_COUNT + 1];//MAX_RUN_COUNT是归并排序的最大运行次数
int count = 0; run[0] = left;
// Check if the array is nearly sorted
for (int k = left; k < right; run[count] = k) {
// Equal items in the beginning of the sequence
while (k < right && a[k] == a[k + 1])//如果相邻两个值相等 则k增加
k++;
if (k == right) break; // Sequence finishes with equal items//k与最大值相同时退出
if (a[k] < a[k + 1]) { // ascending
while (++k <= right && a[k - 1] <= a[k]);
//如果满足随着下标增加的值变大趋势就一直增加k k进入次while循环 至少执行一次判断
} else if (a[k] > a[k + 1]) { // descending
while (++k <= right && a[k - 1] >= a[k]);
// Transform into an ascending sequence//转换成升序序列
for (int lo = run[count] - 1, hi = k; ++lo < --hi; ) {
int t = a[lo]; a[lo] = a[hi]; a[hi] = t;
}
}
// Merge a transformed descending sequence followed by an
// ascending sequence
//合并转换后的降序序列和升序序列
if (run[count] > left && a[run[count]] >= a[run[count] - 1]) {
count--;
}
/*
* The array is not highly structured, //这个数组不是大致排过序的
* use Quicksort instead of merge sort.//使用快排而不是归并排序
*/
if (++count == MAX_RUN_COUNT) {
sort(a, left, right, true);
return;
}
}
// These invariants should hold true:
// run[0] = 0
// run[<last>] = right + 1; (terminator)
if (count == 0) {
// A single equal run
return;
} else if (count == 1 && run[count] > right) {
// Either a single ascending or a transformed descending run.
// Always check that a final run is a proper terminator, otherwise
// we have an unterminated trailing run, to handle downstream.
return;
}
right++;
if (run[count] < right) {
// Corner case: the final run is not a terminator. This may happen
// if a final run is an equals run, or there is a single-element run
// at the end. Fix up by adding a proper terminator at the end.
// Note that we terminate with (right + 1), incremented earlier.
run[++count] = right;
}
// Determine alternation base for merge
byte odd = 0;
for (int n = 1; (n <<= 1) < count; odd ^= 1);
// Use or create temporary array b for merging
int[] b; // temp array; alternates with a
int ao, bo; // array offsets from 'left'
int blen = right - left; // space needed for b
if (work == null || workLen < blen || workBase + blen > work.length) {
work = new int[blen];
workBase = 0;
}
if (odd == 0) {
System.arraycopy(a, left, work, workBase, blen);
b = a;
bo = 0;
a = work;
ao = workBase - left;
} else {
b = work;
ao = 0;
bo = workBase - left;
}
// Merging
for (int last; count > 1; count = last) {
for (int k = (last = 0) + 2; k <= count; k += 2) {
int hi = run[k], mi = run[k - 1];
for (int i = run[k - 2], p = i, q = mi; i < hi; ++i) {
if (q >= hi || p < mi && a[p + ao] <= a[q + ao]) {
b[i + bo] = a[p++ + ao];
} else {
b[i + bo] = a[q++ + ao];
}
}
run[++last] = hi;
}
if ((count & 1) != 0) {
for (int i = right, lo = run[count - 1]; --i >= lo;
b[i + bo] = a[i + ao]
);
run[++last] = right;
}
int[] t = a; a = b; b = t;
int o = ao; ao = bo; bo = o;
}
}
最开始我们调用了一个快排的sort,源码如下
private static void sort(int[] a, int left, int right, boolean leftmost) {
int length = right - left + 1;
// Use insertion sort on tiny arrays
if (length < INSERTION_SORT_THRESHOLD) {
if (leftmost) {
/*
* Traditional (without sentinel) insertion sort,
* optimized for server VM, is used in case of
* the leftmost part.
*/
for (int i = left, j = i; i < right; j = ++i) {
int ai = a[i + 1];
while (ai < a[j]) {
a[j + 1] = a[j];
if (j-- == left) {
break;
}
}
a[j + 1] = ai;
}
} else {
/*
* Skip the longest ascending sequence.
*/
do {
if (left >= right) {
return;
}
} while (a[++left] >= a[left - 1]);
/*
* Every element from adjoining part plays the role
* of sentinel, therefore this allows us to avoid the
* left range check on each iteration. Moreover, we use
* the more optimized algorithm, so called pair insertion
* sort, which is faster (in the context of Quicksort)
* than traditional implementation of insertion sort.
*/
for (int k = left; ++left <= right; k = ++left) {
int a1 = a[k], a2 = a[left];
if (a1 < a2) {
a2 = a1; a1 = a[left];
}
while (a1 < a[--k]) {
a[k + 2] = a[k];
}
a[++k + 1] = a1;
while (a2 < a[--k]) {
a[k + 1] = a[k];
}
a[k + 1] = a2;
}
int last = a[right];
while (last < a[--right]) {
a[right + 1] = a[right];
}
a[right + 1] = last;
}
return;
}
// Inexpensive approximation of length / 7
int seventh = (length >> 3) + (length >> 6) + 1;
/*
* Sort five evenly spaced elements around (and including) the
* center element in the range. These elements will be used for
* pivot selection as described below. The choice for spacing
* these elements was empirically determined to work well on
* a wide variety of inputs.
*/
int e3 = (left + right) >>> 1; // The midpoint
int e2 = e3 - seventh;
int e1 = e2 - seventh;
int e4 = e3 + seventh;
int e5 = e4 + seventh;
// Sort these elements using insertion sort
if (a[e2] < a[e1]) { int t = a[e2]; a[e2] = a[e1]; a[e1] = t; }
if (a[e3] < a[e2]) { int t = a[e3]; a[e3] = a[e2]; a[e2] = t;
if (t < a[e1]) { a[e2] = a[e1]; a[e1] = t; }
}
if (a[e4] < a[e3]) { int t = a[e4]; a[e4] = a[e3]; a[e3] = t;
if (t < a[e2]) { a[e3] = a[e2]; a[e2] = t;
if (t < a[e1]) { a[e2] = a[e1]; a[e1] = t; }
}
}
if (a[e5] < a[e4]) { int t = a[e5]; a[e5] = a[e4]; a[e4] = t;
if (t < a[e3]) { a[e4] = a[e3]; a[e3] = t;
if (t < a[e2]) { a[e3] = a[e2]; a[e2] = t;
if (t < a[e1]) { a[e2] = a[e1]; a[e1] = t; }
}
}
}
// Pointers
int less = left; // The index of the first element of center part
int great = right; // The index before the first element of right part
if (a[e1] != a[e2] && a[e2] != a[e3] && a[e3] != a[e4] && a[e4] != a[e5]) {
/*
* Use the second and fourth of the five sorted elements as pivots.
* These values are inexpensive approximations of the first and
* second terciles of the array. Note that pivot1 <= pivot2.
*/
int pivot1 = a[e2];
int pivot2 = a[e4];
/*
* The first and the last elements to be sorted are moved to the
* locations formerly occupied by the pivots. When partitioning
* is complete, the pivots are swapped back into their final
* positions, and excluded from subsequent sorting.
*/
a[e2] = a[left];
a[e4] = a[right];
/*
* Skip elements, which are less or greater than pivot values.
*/
while (a[++less] < pivot1);
while (a[--great] > pivot2);
/*
* Partitioning:
*
* left part center part right part
* +--------------------------------------------------------------+
* | < pivot1 | pivot1 <= && <= pivot2 | ? | > pivot2 |
* +--------------------------------------------------------------+
* ^ ^ ^
* | | |
* less k great
*
* Invariants:
*
* all in (left, less) < pivot1
* pivot1 <= all in [less, k) <= pivot2
* all in (great, right) > pivot2
*
* Pointer k is the first index of ?-part.
*/
outer:
for (int k = less - 1; ++k <= great; ) {
int ak = a[k];
if (ak < pivot1) { // Move a[k] to left part
a[k] = a[less];
/*
* Here and below we use "a[i] = b; i++;" instead
* of "a[i++] = b;" due to performance issue.
*/
a[less] = ak;
++less;
} else if (ak > pivot2) { // Move a[k] to right part
while (a[great] > pivot2) {
if (great-- == k) {
break outer;
}
}
if (a[great] < pivot1) { // a[great] <= pivot2
a[k] = a[less];
a[less] = a[great];
++less;
} else { // pivot1 <= a[great] <= pivot2
a[k] = a[great];
}
/*
* Here and below we use "a[i] = b; i--;" instead
* of "a[i--] = b;" due to performance issue.
*/
a[great] = ak;
--great;
}
}
// Swap pivots into their final positions
a[left] = a[less - 1]; a[less - 1] = pivot1;
a[right] = a[great + 1]; a[great + 1] = pivot2;
// Sort left and right parts recursively, excluding known pivots
sort(a, left, less - 2, leftmost);
sort(a, great + 2, right, false);
/*
* If center part is too large (comprises > 4/7 of the array),
* swap internal pivot values to ends.
*/
if (less < e1 && e5 < great) {
/*
* Skip elements, which are equal to pivot values.
*/
while (a[less] == pivot1) {
++less;
}
while (a[great] == pivot2) {
--great;
}
/*
* Partitioning:
*
* left part center part right part
* +----------------------------------------------------------+
* | == pivot1 | pivot1 < && < pivot2 | ? | == pivot2 |
* +----------------------------------------------------------+
* ^ ^ ^
* | | |
* less k great
*
* Invariants:
*
* all in (*, less) == pivot1
* pivot1 < all in [less, k) < pivot2
* all in (great, *) == pivot2
*
* Pointer k is the first index of ?-part.
*/
outer:
for (int k = less - 1; ++k <= great; ) {
int ak = a[k];
if (ak == pivot1) { // Move a[k] to left part
a[k] = a[less];
a[less] = ak;
++less;
} else if (ak == pivot2) { // Move a[k] to right part
while (a[great] == pivot2) {
if (great-- == k) {
break outer;
}
}
if (a[great] == pivot1) { // a[great] < pivot2
a[k] = a[less];
/*
* Even though a[great] equals to pivot1, the
* assignment a[less] = pivot1 may be incorrect,
* if a[great] and pivot1 are floating-point zeros
* of different signs. Therefore in float and
* double sorting methods we have to use more
* accurate assignment a[less] = a[great].
*/
a[less] = pivot1;
++less;
} else { // pivot1 < a[great] < pivot2
a[k] = a[great];
}
a[great] = ak;
--great;
}
}
}
// Sort center part recursively
sort(a, less, great, false);
} else { // Partitioning with one pivot
/*
* Use the third of the five sorted elements as pivot.
* This value is inexpensive approximation of the median.
*/
int pivot = a[e3];
/*
* Partitioning degenerates to the traditional 3-way
* (or "Dutch National Flag") schema:
*
* left part center part right part
* +-------------------------------------------------+
* | < pivot | == pivot | ? | > pivot |
* +-------------------------------------------------+
* ^ ^ ^
* | | |
* less k great
*
* Invariants:
*
* all in (left, less) < pivot
* all in [less, k) == pivot
* all in (great, right) > pivot
*
* Pointer k is the first index of ?-part.
*/
for (int k = less; k <= great; ++k) {
if (a[k] == pivot) {
continue;
}
int ak = a[k];
if (ak < pivot) { // Move a[k] to left part
a[k] = a[less];
a[less] = ak;
++less;
} else { // a[k] > pivot - Move a[k] to right part
while (a[great] > pivot) {
--great;
}
if (a[great] < pivot) { // a[great] <= pivot
a[k] = a[less];
a[less] = a[great];
++less;
} else { // a[great] == pivot
/*
* Even though a[great] equals to pivot, the
* assignment a[k] = pivot may be incorrect,
* if a[great] and pivot are floating-point
* zeros of different signs. Therefore in float
* and double sorting methods we have to use
* more accurate assignment a[k] = a[great].
*/
a[k] = pivot;
}
a[great] = ak;
--great;
}
}
/*
* Sort left and right parts recursively.
* All elements from center part are equal
* and, therefore, already sorted.
*/
sort(a, left, less - 1, leftmost);
sort(a, great + 1, right, false);
}
}
上面就是源码的所有内容,其他参数的排序大都是改改变量类型。
Emmmmmmm作为初学者的我并不能完全看懂这段代码,经过几小时的奋斗后我决定
以后再来搞懂这些源码!
2020.05.10