- java.lang.Object
-
- java.text.Format
-
- java.text.DateFormat
-
- java.text.SimpleDateFormat
-
-
All Implemented Interfaces:
- Serializable, Cloneable
public class SimpleDateFormat extends DateFormat
SimpleDateFormat
is a concrete class for formatting and parsing dates in a locale-sensitive manner. It allows for formatting (date → text), parsing (text → date), and normalization.SimpleDateFormat
allows you to start by choosing any user-defined patterns for date-time formatting. However, you are encouraged to create a date-time formatter with eithergetTimeInstance
,getDateInstance
, orgetDateTimeInstance
inDateFormat
. Each of these class methods can return a date/time formatter initialized with a default format pattern. You may modify the format pattern using theapplyPattern
methods as desired. For more information on using these methods, seeDateFormat
.Date and Time Patterns
Date and time formats are specified by date and time pattern strings. Within date and time pattern strings, unquoted letters from
'A'
to'Z'
and from'a'
to'z'
are interpreted as pattern letters representing the components of a date or time string. Text can be quoted using single quotes ('
) to avoid interpretation."''"
represents a single quote. All other characters are not interpreted; they're simply copied into the output string during formatting or matched against the input string during parsing.The following pattern letters are defined (all other characters from
'A'
to'Z'
and from'a'
to'z'
are reserved):Letter Date or Time Component Presentation Examples G
Era designator Text AD
y
Year Year 1996
;96
Y
Week year Year 2009
;09
M
Month in year (context sensitive) Month July
;Jul
;07
L
Month in year (standalone form) Month July
;Jul
;07
w
Week in year Number 27
W
Week in month Number 2
D
Day in year Number 189
d
Day in month Number 10
F
Day of week in month Number 2
E
Day name in week Text Tuesday
;Tue
u
Day number of week (1 = Monday, ..., 7 = Sunday) Number 1
a
Am/pm marker Text PM
H
Hour in day (0-23) Number 0
k
Hour in day (1-24) Number 24
K
Hour in am/pm (0-11) Number 0
h
Hour in am/pm (1-12) Number 12
m
Minute in hour Number 30
s
Second in minute Number 55
S
Millisecond Number 978
z
Time zone General time zone Pacific Standard Time
;PST
;GMT-08:00
Z
Time zone RFC 822 time zone -0800
X
Time zone ISO 8601 time zone -08
;-0800
;-08:00
- Text: For formatting, if the number of pattern letters is 4 or more, the full form is used; otherwise a short or abbreviated form is used if available. For parsing, both forms are accepted, independent of the number of pattern letters.
- Number: For formatting, the number of pattern letters is the minimum number of digits, and shorter numbers are zero-padded to this amount. For parsing, the number of pattern letters is ignored unless it's needed to separate two adjacent fields.
- Year: If the formatter's
Calendar
is the Gregorian calendar, the following rules are applied.
- For formatting, if the number of pattern letters is 2, the year is truncated to 2 digits; otherwise it is interpreted as a number.
- For parsing, if the number of pattern letters is more than 2, the year is interpreted literally, regardless of the number of digits. So using the pattern "MM/dd/yyyy", "01/11/12" parses to Jan 11, 12 A.D.
- For parsing with the abbreviated year pattern ("y" or "yy"),
SimpleDateFormat
must interpret the abbreviated year relative to some century. It does this by adjusting dates to be within 80 years before and 20 years after the time theSimpleDateFormat
instance is created. For example, using a pattern of "MM/dd/yy" and aSimpleDateFormat
instance created on Jan 1, 1997, the string "01/11/12" would be interpreted as Jan 11, 2012 while the string "05/04/64" would be interpreted as May 4, 1964. During parsing, only strings consisting of exactly two digits, as defined byCharacter.isDigit(char)
, will be parsed into the default century. Any other numeric string, such as a one digit string, a three or more digit string, or a two digit string that isn't all digits (for example, "-1"), is interpreted literally. So "01/02/3" or "01/02/003" are parsed, using the same pattern, as Jan 2, 3 AD. Likewise, "01/02/-3" is parsed as Jan 2, 4 BC.
If week year'Y'
is specified and the calendar doesn't support any week years, the calendar year ('y'
) is used instead. The support of week years can be tested with a call togetCalendar()
.isWeekDateSupported()
.
- Month: If the number of pattern letters is 3 or more, the month is interpreted as text; otherwise, it is interpreted as a number.
- Letter M produces context-sensitive month names, such as the embedded form of names. If a
DateFormatSymbols
has been set explicitly with constructorSimpleDateFormat(String, DateFormatSymbols)
or methodsetDateFormatSymbols(DateFormatSymbols)
, the month names given by theDateFormatSymbols
are used. - Letter L produces the standalone form of month names.
- Letter M produces context-sensitive month names, such as the embedded form of names. If a
- General time zone: Time zones are interpreted as text if they have names. For time zones representing a GMT offset value, the following syntax is used:
GMTOffsetTimeZone:
Hours must be between 0 and 23, and Minutes must be between 00 and 59. The format is locale independent and digits must be taken from the Basic Latin block of the Unicode standard.GMT
Sign Hours:
Minutes Sign: one of+ -
Hours: Digit Digit Digit Minutes: Digit Digit Digit: one of0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
For parsing, RFC 822 time zones are also accepted.
- RFC 822 time zone: For formatting, the RFC 822 4-digit time zone format is used:
RFC822TimeZone: Sign TwoDigitHours Minutes TwoDigitHours: Digit Digit
TwoDigitHours must be between 00 and 23. Other definitions are as for general time zones.For parsing, general time zones are also accepted.
- ISO 8601 Time zone: The number of pattern letters designates the format for both formatting and parsing as follows:
ISO8601TimeZone: OneLetterISO8601TimeZone TwoLetterISO8601TimeZone ThreeLetterISO8601TimeZone OneLetterISO8601TimeZone: Sign TwoDigitHours
Other definitions are as for general time zones or RFC 822 time zones.Z
TwoLetterISO8601TimeZone: Sign TwoDigitHours MinutesZ
ThreeLetterISO8601TimeZone: Sign TwoDigitHours:
MinutesZ
For formatting, if the offset value from GMT is 0,
"Z"
is produced. If the number of pattern letters is 1, any fraction of an hour is ignored. For example, if the pattern is"X"
and the time zone is"GMT+05:30"
,"+05"
is produced.For parsing,
"Z"
is parsed as the UTC time zone designator. General time zones are not accepted.If the number of pattern letters is 4 or more,
IllegalArgumentException
is thrown when constructing aSimpleDateFormat
or applying a pattern.
SimpleDateFormat
also supports localized date and time pattern strings. In these strings, the pattern letters described above may be replaced with other, locale dependent, pattern letters.SimpleDateFormat
does not deal with the localization of text other than the pattern letters; that's up to the client of the class.Examples
The following examples show how date and time patterns are interpreted in the U.S. locale. The given date and time are 2001-07-04 12:08:56 local time in the U.S. Pacific Time time zone.Date and Time Pattern Result "yyyy.MM.dd G 'at' HH:mm:ss z"
2001.07.04 AD at 12:08:56 PDT
"EEE, MMM d, ''yy"
Wed, Jul 4, '01
"h:mm a"
12:08 PM
"hh 'o''clock' a, zzzz"
12 o'clock PM, Pacific Daylight Time
"K:mm a, z"
0:08 PM, PDT
"yyyyy.MMMMM.dd GGG hh:mm aaa"
02001.July.04 AD 12:08 PM
"EEE, d MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss Z"
Wed, 4 Jul 2001 12:08:56 -0700
"yyMMddHHmmssZ"
010704120856-0700
"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSZ"
2001-07-04T12:08:56.235-0700
"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSXXX"
2001-07-04T12:08:56.235-07:00
"YYYY-'W'ww-u"
2001-W27-3
Synchronization
Date formats are not synchronized. It is recommended to create separate format instances for each thread. If multiple threads access a format concurrently, it must be synchronized externally.
-
See Also:
-
Java Tutorial,
Calendar
,TimeZone
,DateFormat
,DateFormatSymbols
, Serialized Form
Class SimpleDateFormat
看了官方文档描述,大概意思就是
1、支持从日期到文本及文本到日期的转换,提供默认的格式化方法及修改方式;
2、A到Z,a到z为预留字段,表示日期的格式化属性,如果作为文本需要通过单引号避免被解释;
3、不支持同步;
4、日期文本中包含中文字符时直接作为pattern的一部分进行格式化
常用规则:
public class FormatDateTime {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SimpleDateFormat myFmt=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日 HH时mm分ss秒");
SimpleDateFormat myFmt1=new SimpleDateFormat("yy/MM/dd HH:mm");
SimpleDateFormat myFmt2=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");//等价于now.toLocaleString()
SimpleDateFormat myFmt3=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日 HH时mm分ss秒 E ");
SimpleDateFormat myFmt4=new SimpleDateFormat(
"一年中的第 D 天 一年中第w个星期 一月中第W个星期 在一天中k时 z时区");
Date now=new Date();
System.out.println(myFmt.format(now));
System.out.println(myFmt1.format(now));
System.out.println(myFmt2.format(now));
System.out.println(myFmt3.format(now));
System.out.println(myFmt4.format(now));
System.out.println(now.toGMTString());
System.out.println(now.toLocaleString());
System.out.println(now.toString());
}
}
效果:
2004年12月16日 17时24分27秒
04/12/16 17:24
2004-12-16 17:24:27
2004年12月16日 17时24分27秒 星期四
一年中的第 351 天 一年中第51个星期 一月中第3个星期 在一天中17时 CST时区
16 Dec 2004 09:24:27 GMT
2004-12-16 17:24:27
Thu Dec 16 17:24:27 CST 2004
下面是个JavaBean:
public class FormatDateTime {
public static String toLongDateString(Date dt){
SimpleDateFormat myFmt=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日 HH时mm分ss秒 E ");
return myFmt.format(dt);
}
public static String toShortDateString(Date dt){
SimpleDateFormat myFmt=new SimpleDateFormat("yy年MM月dd日 HH时mm分");
return myFmt.format(dt);
}
public static String toLongTimeString(Date dt){
SimpleDateFormat myFmt=new SimpleDateFormat("HH mm ss SSSS");
return myFmt.format(dt);
}
public static String toShortTimeString(Date dt){
SimpleDateFormat myFmt=new SimpleDateFormat("yy/MM/dd HH:mm");
return myFmt.format(dt);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Date now=new Date();
System.out.println(FormatDateTime.toLongDateString(now));
System.out.println(FormatDateTime.toShortDateString(now));
System.out.println(FormatDateTime.toLongTimeString(now));
System.out.println(FormatDateTime.toShortTimeString(now));
}
}
调用的main 测试结果:
2004年12月16日 17时38分26秒 星期四
04年12月16日 17时38分
17 38 26 0965
一些有些变态的用法:
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss"); //不支持第一种字符串格式化;
SimpleDateFormat sdf1 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-ddhh:mm:ss"); //建议采用该方式,可同时支持格式1、2解析
SimpleDateFormat sdf2 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd\\s*hh:mm:ss"); //不支持正则方式
SimpleDateFormat sdf3 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddhhmmss");
SimpleDateFormat sdf4 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddhhmmssZ");
String dateStr = "2018-01-0211:29:19";
String dateStr1 = "2018-01-02 11:29:19";
String dateStr2 = "20180102112919";
// System.out.println(sdf.parse(dateStr)); //Error,Unparseable date
// System.out.println(sdf.parse(dateStr1)); //Success
// System.out.println(sdf.format(sdf1.parse(dateStr))); //success
// System.out.println(sdf.format(sdf1.parse(dateStr1))); //success
//
// System.out.println(sdf2.format(dateStr)); //error Cannot format given Object as a Date
// System.out.println(sdf2.format(dateStr1)); //error Cannot format given Object as a Date
System.out.println(sdf3.parse(dateStr2)); //Tue Jan 02 11:29:19 CST 2018
System.out.println(sdf4.format(date)); //20180103031436+0800
}