Java代码实现备份和恢复Mysql数据库

本篇转自https://www.jianshu.com/p/92b019fc1eff，我自己做了部分修改，以下写的是Windows环境下，不过Linux环境下区别也不大，路径改下就好

import java.io.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class DatabaseTool {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        try {
            if (exportDatabase("127.0.0.1","3306","root","root",
                    "C:\\chengzheming\\backupDatabase","test-20190516.sql","test")
            ){
                System.out.println("数据库成功备份");
            }else {
                System.out.println("数据库备份失败");
            }

        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        if (importDatabase("127.0.0.1", "3306", "root", "root",
                "C:\\chengzheming\\backupDatabase", "test-20190516.sql", "test")) {
            System.out.println("数据库导入成功");
        } else {
            System.out.println("数据库导入失败");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Mysql数据库导出
     * @param hostIP 数据库地址
     * @param hostPort 端口
     * @param userName 用户名
     * @param password 密码
     * @param savePath 导出路径
     * @param fileName 导出文件名
     * @param databaseName 要导出数据库名
     * @return
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    public static boolean exportDatabase(String hostIP, String hostPort, String userName, String password, String savePath,
                                             String fileName, String databaseName) throws InterruptedException {
        //目录不存在则新建
        File saveFile = new File(savePath);
        if (!saveFile.exists()) {
            saveFile.mkdirs();
        }

        //在地址后补充系统默认分隔符
        if (!savePath.endsWith(File.separator)) {
            savePath = savePath + File.separator;
        }

        PrintWriter printWriter = null;

        BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;

        try {
            Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();

            //因为我的地址有空格，为解决找不到路径所以用了这个方式
            URL url = new URL("file:C:\\chengzheming\\develop software\\mysql-5.6.41-winx64\\bin");
            String path = url.getPath();

            //"mysqldump -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -P3306 -proot test"
            String cmd = "\\mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -P" + hostPort + " -p" + password + " " + databaseName;

            cmd = path + cmd;
            Process process = runtime.exec(cmd);

            InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream(), "utf8");
            bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);

            printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(savePath + fileName), "utf8"));
            String line;

            while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                printWriter.println(line);
            }
            printWriter.flush();
            if (process.waitFor() == 0) {
                return true;
            }

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (bufferedReader != null) {
                    bufferedReader.close();
                }
                if (printWriter != null) {
                    printWriter.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 导入Mysql数据库
     * @param hostIP 数据库地址
     * @param hostPort 端口
     * @param userName 用户名
     * @param password 密码
     * @param importFilePath 数据库文件路径
     * @param sqlFileName 要导入的文件名
     * @param databaseName 要导入的数据库名
     * @return
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    public static boolean importDatabase(String hostIP, String hostPort, String userName, String password, String importFilePath,
                                             String sqlFileName, String databaseName) {
        File imporFile = new File(importFilePath);
        if (!imporFile.exists()) {
            imporFile.mkdirs();
        }

        if (!importFilePath.endsWith(File.separator)) {
            importFilePath = importFilePath + File.separator;
        }

        //mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -P3306 -p test<C:\chengzheming\backupDatabase\
        try {
            Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("cmd /C" + "mysql -h"+hostIP+" -P"+hostPort+" -u"+userName+" -p"+password+" "+databaseName+"<"+importFilePath+sqlFileName);
            if (process.waitFor()==0){
                return true;
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InterruptedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return false;
    }
}

不过这种方法有个缺陷就是部署程序的机器要安装MySQL，如我本地C:\\chengzheming\\develop software\\mysql-5.6.41-winx64\\bin目录就是MySQL路径。

手动备份恢复数据库也写一下

备份数据库时在mysql安装目录的bin目录下执行以下命令即可
mysqldump -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 -uroot -proot test>C:\chengzheming\backupDatabase\test-20190516.sql
这句的含义是备份地址127.0.0.1端口3306用户root密码root数据库test的数据到C:\chengzheming\backupDatabase目录下重命名为test-20190516.sql

恢复数据库时不需要规定目录,执行以下命令即可
mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 -uroot -proot test<C:\chengzheming\backupDatabase\test-20190516.sql
这句的含义是把C:/chengzheming/backupDatabase\test-20190516.sql文件内容恢复到地址127.0.0.1端口3306用户root密码root的数据库test中

需要注意-proot可能报警告，只写-p就可以正常运行。

此外修改my.cnf(或my.ini)文件配置

[mysqldump]password=root

[mysql]password=root

也可以去除警告