Java操作Linux指令，实现恢复、备份MySQL数据库

备份数据库指令：

mysqldump -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456 test > d:/test.sql ---备份test数据库到 D 盘

恢复数据库指令

mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456 test< test.sql ---将D备份的数据库脚本，恢复到数据库中(数据库要存在！)

在 cmd 或者 shell 调用命令行，其实是调用 MySQL 安装路径下面的 bin 目录下面的 msqldump.exe 和 mysql.exe 来完成相应的工作。

下面是使用 Java 代码实现在 Linux 端调用指令：

import java.io.*;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

public class DbOperate {
    public static void dbBackUp(String root, String pwd, String dbName, String backPath, String backName) throws Exception {
        String pathSql = backPath + backName;
        File fileSql = new File(pathSql);
        if (!fileSql.exists()){
            fileSql.createNewFile();
        }
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        sb.append("mysqldump");
        sb.append(" -h127.0.0.1");
        sb.append(" -P3306");
        sb.append(" -u" + root);
        sb.append(" -p" + pwd);
        sb.append(" " + dbName + ">");
        sb.append(pathSql);
        System.out.println("cmd命令为：" + sb.toString());
        Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
        System.out.println("开始备份：" + dbName);
        String[] command = {"/bin/sh", "-c", sb.toString()};
//        Process process = runtime.exec("/bin/sh -c " + sb.toString());
        Process process = runtime.exec(command);
        System.out.println(process.waitFor());
        System.out.println("备份成功！！！！！");
    }

    public static void dbRestore(String root, String pwd, String dbName, String filePath){
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        sb.append("mysql");
        sb.append(" -h127.0.0.1");
        sb.append(" -P3306");
        sb.append(" -u" + root);
        sb.append(" -p" + pwd);
        sb.append(" " + dbName + "<");
        sb.append(filePath);
        System.out.println("cmd命令为：" + sb.toString());
        Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
        System.out.println("开始恢复：" + dbName);
        try {
	    String[] command = {"/bin/sh", "-c", sb.toString()};
            Process process = runtime.exec(command);
            //Process process = runtime.exec("/bin/sh -c " + sb.toString());
            InputStream is = process.getInputStream();
            BufferedReader bf = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "utf8"));
            String line = null;
            while ((line = bf.readLine()) != null){
                System.out.println(line);
            }
            is.close();
            bf.close();
        }catch (IOException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("还原成功！！！！！");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String backName = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss").format(new Date()) + ".sql";
        //DbOperate.dbBackUp("root", "root", "db_other", "/hadoop/", backName);
        DbOperate.dbRestore("root", "root", "db_sssss", "/hadoop/2021-11-30-11-41-25.sql");
    }
}

经过测试，必须将 command 放到一个数组里面，才能将指令执行成功

linux下：

String[] command = { "/bin/sh", "-c", command };

Process ps = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command );

windows下：

String[] command = { "cmd", "/c", command};

Process ps = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command );  

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参考文献2

参考文献3