Android HTTP协议请求网络(二)之HttpClient方式
githup练习demo地址：https://github.com/aiyangtianci/NetworkRequestDemo
一、介绍
在Android API Level 9（Android 2.2）之前只能使用DefaultHttpClient类发送http请求。DefaultHttpClient是Apache用于发送http请求的客户端，其提供了强大的API支持，而且基本没有什么bug，但是由于其太过复杂，Android团队在保持向后兼容的情况下，很难对DefaultHttpClient进行增强。为此，Android团队从Android API Level 9开始自己实现了一个发送http请求的客户端类——–HttpURLConnection。
相比于DefaultHttpClient，HttpURLConnection比较轻量级，虽然功能没有DefaultHttpClient那么强大，但是能够满足大部分的需求，所以Android推荐使用HttpURLConnection代替DefaultHttpClient，并不强制使用HttpURLConnection。
但从Android API Level 23（Android 6.0）开始，不能再在Android中使用DefaultHttpClient，强制使用HttpURLConnection。
二、Get方式：
实现流程步骤：
第一步：实例化URL对象。
第二步：实例化HttpUrlConnection对象。
第三步：设置请求连接属性，传递参数等。
第四步：获取返回码判断是否链接成功。
第五步：读取输入流。
第六步：关闭链接。
public void run() {
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
URL url = new URL("http://192.168.23.1:8080/TestProject/GetTest");
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();。
// 设置请求方法，默认是GET
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
// 设置字符集
connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
// 设置文件类型
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "text/xml; charset=UTF-8");
// 设置请求参数，可通过Servlet的getHeader()获取
connection.setRequestProperty("Cookie", "AppName=" + URLEncoder.encode("你好", "UTF-8"));
// 设置自定义参数
connection.setRequestProperty("MyProperty", "this is me!");
if(connection.getResponseCode() == 200){
InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
result = StringStreamUtil.inputStreamToString(is);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(connection != null){
connection.disconnect();
}
}三、Post方式：
public void run() {
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
URL url = new URL("http://192.168.23.1:8080/TestProject/PostTest");
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
// 设置请求方式
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
// 设置编码格式
connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
// 传递自定义参数
connection.setRequestProperty("MyProperty", "this is me!");
// 设置容许输出
connection.setDoOutput(true);
// 上传一张图片|上传参数： byte[] requestBody = new String("name=孙群&age=27").getBytes("UTF-8");
FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath()
+ "/Pictures/Screenshots/Screenshot_2015-12-19-08-40-18.png");
OutputStream os = connection.getOutputStream();
int count = 0;
while((count=file.read()) != -1){
os.write(count);
}
os.flush();
os.close();
// 获取返回数据
if(connection.getResponseCode() == 200){
InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
result = StringStreamUtil.inputStreamToString(is);
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(connection!=null){
connection.disconnect();
}
}
};四、上传APK包大文件：
public void run() {
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
URL url = new URL("http://192.168.23.1:8080/TestProject/FileTest");
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
// 设置每次传输的流大小，可以有效防止手机因为内存不足崩溃
// 此方法用于在预先不知道内容长度时启用没有进行内部缓冲的 HTTP请求正文的流。
connection.setChunkedStreamingMode(51200); // 128K
// 不使用缓存
connection.setUseCaches(false);
// 设置请求方式
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
// 设置编码格式
connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
// 设置容许输出
connection.setDoOutput(true);
// 上传文件
FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath()
+ "/aaaaa/baidu_map.apk");
OutputStream os = connection.getOutputStream();
byte[] b = new byte[1024];
int count = 0;
while((count = file.read(b)) != -1){
os.write(b, 0, count);
}
os.flush();
os.close();
// 获取返回数据
if(connection.getResponseCode() == 200){
InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
result = StringStreamUtil.inputStreamToString(is);
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(connection != null){
connection.disconnect();
}
}
};五、文件断点上传：
安卓端代码：
public class MoreUploadActivity extends Activity {
private TextView mTvMsg;
private String result = "";
private long start = 0; // 开始读取的位置
private long stop = 1024 * 1024; // 结束读取的位置
private int times = 0; //读取次数
private long fileSize = 0; //文件大小
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_times_upload);
initView();
}
private void initView(){
mTvMsg = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_upload);
try {
FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath() + "/aaaaa/baidu_map.apk");
fileSize = file.available();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
new Thread(uploadThread).start();
}
private Thread uploadThread = new Thread(){
public void run() {
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
URL url = new URL("http://192.168.23.1:8080/TestProject/MoreUploadTest");
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
connection.setChunkedStreamingMode(51200);
connection.setUseCaches(false);
// 设置允许输出
connection.setDoOutput(true);
// 设置断点开始，结束位置
connection.setRequestProperty("Range", "bytes=" + start + "-" + stop);
String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath() + "/aaaaa/baidu_map.apk";
RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile(path, "rw");
file.seek(start);
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int count = 0;
OutputStream os = connection.getOutputStream();
if(fileSize > 1024*1024){
for(int i=0; i<1024 && count!=-1; i++){
count = file.read(buffer);
os.write(buffer, 0, count);
}
}else{
for(int i=0; i<(fileSize/1024)+1 && count!=-1; i++){
count = file.read(buffer);
os.write(buffer, 0, count);
}
}
os.flush();
os.close();
Log.e("ABC", connection.getResponseCode() + "");
if(connection.getResponseCode() == 200){
result += StringStreamUtil.inputStreamToString(connection.getInputStream()) + "\n";
}
start = stop + 1;
stop += 1024*1024;
fileSize -= 1024*1024;
Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.what = 0;
uploadHandler.sendMessage(msg);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(connection != null){
connection.disconnect();
}
}
};
};
private Handler uploadHandler = new Handler(){
public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
if(msg.what == 0){
if(times >= 8){
mTvMsg.setText(result);
}else{
times += 1;
new Thread(uploadThread).start();
mTvMsg.setText(result);
}
}
};
};
}六、文件断点下载：
1、下载重要的是实现技巧： 一：设置断点请求setRequestProperty("Range", "bytes=0-1024");
二：通过RandomAccessFile来将下载的字节插入到指定的位置。
2、对于输出流的三个方法的对比：
os.write(byte[] buffer); 可能错误，因为你每次读取的数据小于等于1024，但你每次写入的数据仍然是1024， 对图片有一定影响，对安装包绝对是致命的影响。
os.write(int oneByte); 效率低
os.write(byte[] buffer, int byteOffset, int byteCount); 效率高，和第二个方法相比有一个数量级的差别（主观上看，有兴趣的可以测几下）。
/**
* 断点下载
*/
public class MoreTimesActivity extends Activity {
private TextView mTvMsg;
private String result = "";
private long start = 0;
private long stop = 1024 * 1024;
private int times = 0; // 根据文件大小自己设的，
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_times_download);
initView();
}
private void initView(){
mTvMsg = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_msg);
new Thread(moreThread).start();
}
private Thread moreThread = new Thread(){
public void run() {
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
URL url = new URL("http://ftp-apk.pconline.com.cn/ef19af4e28462271af1117efaf868bc2/pub/download/201010/renshengrili_v4.0.04.05.apk");
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
connection.setDoInput(true);
// 设置开始下载的位置和结束下载的位置，单位为字节
connection.setRequestProperty("Range", "bytes=" + start + "-" + stop);
String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath() + "/aaaaa/baidu_map.apk";
// 断点下载使用的文件对象RandomAccessFile
RandomAccessFile access = new RandomAccessFile(path, "rw");
// 移动指针到开始位置
access.seek(start);
InputStream is = null;
Log.e("ADB----", connection.getResponseCode() + "");
if(connection.getResponseCode() == 206){
is = connection.getInputStream();
int count = 0;
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
while((count = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
access.write(buffer, 0, count);
}
}
if(access != null){
access.close();
}
if(is != null){
is.close();
}
start = stop + 1;
stop += 1024*1024; // 每次下载1M
Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.what = 0;
result += "文件" + times + "下载成功" + ":" + start + "---" + stop + "\n";
moreHandler.sendMessage(msg);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(connection != null){
connection.disconnect();
}
}
};
};
private Handler moreHandler = new Handler(){
public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
if(msg.what == 0 && result!=null){
if(times >= 10){
Message msg1 = Message.obtain();
msg1.what = 1;
moreHandler.sendMessage(msg1);
}else{
new Thread(moreThread).start();
times += 1;
}
mTvMsg.setText(result);
}else if(msg.what == 1){
mTvMsg.setText(result);
}
};
};
}三、Demo讲解
为了演示HttpURLConnection的常见用法，我做了一个App，界面如下所示：
主界面MainActivity有四个按钮，分别表示用GET发送请求、用POST发送键值对数据、用POST发送XML数据以及用POST发送JSON数据，点击对应的按钮会启动NetworkActivity并执行相应的操作。
NetworkActivity的源码如下所示，此处先贴出代码，后面会详细说明。
package com.ispring.httpurlconnection;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.res.AssetManager;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class NetworkActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private NetworkAsyncTask networkAsyncTask = new NetworkAsyncTask();
private TextView tvUrl = null;
private TextView tvRequestHeader = null;
private TextView tvRequestBody = null;
private TextView tvResponseHeader = null;
private TextView tvResponseBody = null;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_network);
tvUrl = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tvUrl);
tvRequestHeader = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tvRequestHeader);
tvRequestBody = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tvRequestBody);
tvResponseHeader = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tvResponseHeader);
tvResponseBody = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tvResponseBody);
Intent intent = getIntent();
if (intent != null && intent.getExtras() != null) {
String networkAction = intent.getStringExtra("action");
networkAsyncTask.execute(networkAction);
}
}
//用于进行网络请求的AsyncTask
class NetworkAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, Map<String, Object>> {
//NETWORK_GET表示发送GET请求
public static final String NETWORK_GET = "NETWORK_GET";
//NETWORK_POST_KEY_VALUE表示用POST发送键值对数据
public static final String NETWORK_POST_KEY_VALUE = "NETWORK_POST_KEY_VALUE";
//NETWORK_POST_XML表示用POST发送XML数据
public static final String NETWORK_POST_XML = "NETWORK_POST_XML";
//NETWORK_POST_JSON表示用POST发送JSON数据
public static final String NETWORK_POST_JSON = "NETWORK_POST_JSON";
@Override
protected Map<String, Object> doInBackground(String... params) {
Map<String,Object> result = new HashMap<>();
URL url = null;//请求的URL地址
HttpURLConnection conn = null;
String requestHeader = null;//请求头
byte[] requestBody = null;//请求体
String responseHeader = null;//响应头
byte[] responseBody = null;//响应体
String action = params[0];//http请求的操作类型
try {
if (NETWORK_GET.equals(action)) {
//发送GET请求
url = new URL("http://192.168.31.200:8080/HttpServer/MyServlet?name=孙群&age=27");
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
//HttpURLConnection默认就是用GET发送请求，所以下面的setRequestMethod可以省略
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
//HttpURLConnection默认也支持从服务端读取结果流，所以下面的setDoInput也可以省略
conn.setDoInput(true);
//用setRequestProperty方法设置一个自定义的请求头:action，由于后端判断
conn.setRequestProperty("action", NETWORK_GET);
//禁用网络缓存
conn.setUseCaches(false);
//获取请求头
requestHeader = getReqeustHeader(conn);
//在对各种参数配置完成后，通过调用connect方法建立TCP连接，但是并未真正获取数据
//conn.connect()方法不必显式调用，当调用conn.getInputStream()方法时内部也会自动调用connect方法
conn.connect();
//调用getInputStream方法后，服务端才会收到请求，并阻塞式地接收服务端返回的数据
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
//将InputStream转换成byte数组,getBytesByInputStream会关闭输入流
responseBody = getBytesByInputStream(is);
//获取响应头
responseHeader = getResponseHeader(conn);
} else if (NETWORK_POST_KEY_VALUE.equals(action)) {
//用POST发送键值对数据
url = new URL("http://192.168.31.200:8080/HttpServer/MyServlet");
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
//通过setRequestMethod将conn设置成POST方法
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
//调用conn.setDoOutput()方法以显式开启请求体
conn.setDoOutput(true);
//用setRequestProperty方法设置一个自定义的请求头:action，由于后端判断
conn.setRequestProperty("action", NETWORK_POST_KEY_VALUE);
//获取请求头
requestHeader = getReqeustHeader(conn);
//获取conn的输出流
OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();
//获取两个键值对name=孙群和age=27的字节数组，将该字节数组作为请求体
requestBody = new String("name=孙群&age=27").getBytes("UTF-8");
//将请求体写入到conn的输出流中
os.write(requestBody);
//记得调用输出流的flush方法
os.flush();
//关闭输出流
os.close();
//当调用getInputStream方法时才真正将请求体数据上传至服务器
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
//获得响应体的字节数组
responseBody = getBytesByInputStream(is);
//获得响应头
responseHeader = getResponseHeader(conn);
} else if (NETWORK_POST_XML.equals(action)) {
//用POST发送XML数据
url = new URL("http://192.168.31.200:8080/HttpServer/MyServlet");
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
//通过setRequestMethod将conn设置成POST方法
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
//调用conn.setDoOutput()方法以显式开启请求体
conn.setDoOutput(true);
//用setRequestProperty方法设置一个自定义的请求头:action，由于后端判断
conn.setRequestProperty("action", NETWORK_POST_XML);
//获取请求头
requestHeader = getReqeustHeader(conn);
//获取conn的输出流
OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();
//读取assets目录下的person.xml文件，将其字节数组作为请求体
requestBody = getBytesFromAssets("person.xml");
//将请求体写入到conn的输出流中
os.write(requestBody);
//记得调用输出流的flush方法
os.flush();
//关闭输出流
os.close();
//当调用getInputStream方法时才真正将请求体数据上传至服务器
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
//获得响应体的字节数组
responseBody = getBytesByInputStream(is);
//获得响应头
responseHeader = getResponseHeader(conn);
} else if (NETWORK_POST_JSON.equals(action)) {
//用POST发送JSON数据
url = new URL("http://192.168.31.200:8080/HttpServer/MyServlet");
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
//通过setRequestMethod将conn设置成POST方法
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
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