Response学习记录

Resopnse

web服务器接收客户端的http请求，针对这个请求，分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象，代表响应的一个HttpRresponse对象；

• 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数：HttpServletRequest
• 如果要给客户端响应一些信息：HttpRresponse

1.简单分类

负责向浏览器发送数据的方法

    ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;
    PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;

负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法

   void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);
   void setContentLength(int var1);
   void setContentLengthLong(long var1);
   void setContentType(String var1);
   void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
   void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
   void setHeader(String var1, String var2);
   void addHeader(String var1, String var2);
   void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
   void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);

响应的状态码

   int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
   int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
   int SC_OK = 200;
   int SC_CREATED = 201;
   int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
   int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
   int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
   int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
   int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
   int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
   int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
   int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
   int SC_FOUND = 302;
   int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
   int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
   int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
   int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
   int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
   int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
   int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
   int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
   int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
   int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
   int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
   int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
   int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
   int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
   int SC_GONE = 410;
   int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
   int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
   int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
   int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
   int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
   int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
   int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
   int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
   int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
   int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
   int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
   int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
   int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;

2.常见应用

（1）向浏览器输出消息

（2）下载文件

① 获取下载文件的路径
② 下载的文件名是什么
③ 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
④ 获取下载文件的输入流
⑤ 创建缓冲区
⑥ 获取OutputStream对象
⑦ 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
⑧ 使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端

public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //  ① 获取下载文件的路径
        String realPath = "D:\\IdeaProjects\\servlet\\ReqAndResp\\target\\classes\\servlet.png";
        System.out.println("文件下载路径："+realPath);
        //　② 下载的文件名是什么
        String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
        //　③ 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持"Content-Disposition"下载我们需要的东西
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename"+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));
        //　④ 获取下载文件的输入流
        FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        //　⑤ 创建缓冲区
        int len = 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        //　⑥ 获取OutPutStream对象
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
        //　⑦ 将FileOutPutStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
        while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))>0){
            outputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        inputStream.close();
        outputStream.close();
        //　⑧ 使用OutPutStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端
    }
 }

（3）验证码实现

使用Java图片类，生产一个图片

public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //让浏览器五秒刷新一次
        resp.setHeader("refresh","5");
        //创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(100,33,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //得到图片
        Graphics2D graphics2D = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
        //设置图片的背景颜色
        graphics2D.setColor(Color.black);
        graphics2D.fillRect(0,0,100,33);
        //给图片写数据
        graphics2D.setColor(Color.red);
        graphics2D.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,33));
        graphics2D.drawString(makeNum(),0,33);

        //告诉浏览器，这个请求用图片方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpg");
        //网站存在缓存，不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");

        //把图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
    }
    //生成随机数
    private String makeNum() {
        Random random = new Random();
        String num = random.nextInt(9999)+"";
        StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0;i<4-num.length();i++){
            stringBuffer.append("0");
        }
        num = stringBuffer.toString() + num;
        return num;
    }
}

（4）重定向

• 一个web资源收到客户端请求后，会通知客户端去访问另一个web资源，这个过程为重定向。
• 方法：void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException;
• 常见场景：用户登录，登陆成功跳转另一个页面
• 测试：

public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.sendRedirect("/re/image");
    }
 }